1. George A, Mensah H, Brown DW. An overview of cardiovascular disease burden in the United States. Health Affairs. 2007; 26: 38-48. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.26.1.38
2. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004; 364: 937-952. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17018-9
3. Nag T, Ghosh A. Cardiovascular disease risk factors in Asian Indian population: A systematic review. J Cardiovasc Dis Res. 2013; 4: 222-228. doi: 10.1016/j.jcdr.2014.01.004
4. Thakur JS, Prinja S, Carg CC, Mendis S, Menabde N. Social and economic implications of non-communicable diseases in India. Indian J Comm Med. 2011; 36: 13-22. doi: 10.4103/0970-0218.94704
5. Shadmani FK, Karami M. Joint effect of modifying selected risk factors on attributable burden of cardiovascular diseases. Int J Prev Med. 2013; 4: 1461-1467.
6. Amiri M, Majid HA, Hairi FM, Thangiah N, Bulgiba A. Prevalence and determinants of cardiovascular disease risk factors among the residents of urban community housing projects in Malaysia. BMC Public Health. 2014; 14: 3. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-S3-S3
7. MONHRC. National Nutrition Survey 2011. Ministry of National Health Services, Regulations and Coordination. Government of Pakistan, Islamabad. 2011.
8. PBS. Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (2012-13). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. Government of Pakistan, Islamabad.
9. Jafar TH. Women in Pakistan have a greater burden of clinical cardiovascular risk factors than men. Int J Cardiol. 2006; 106: 348-354. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.02.013
10. Hage FG, Mansur SJ, Xing D, Oparil S. Hypertension in women. Kidney Int Suppl. 2013; 3: 352-356. doi: 10.1038/kisup.2013.76
11. WHO. Non-communicable diseases country profiles 2014. World Health Organization. Geneva. 2014.
12. WHO. Measuring changes in iron status. World Health Organization. Geneva. 1983.
13. WHO. Expert committee on physical status the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Tech Rep Ser No. 854. World Health Organization. Geneva. 1995.
14. Schenck HV, Falkensson M, Lundberg B. Evaluation of Hemocue: a new device for determining haemoglobin. Clin Chem. 1986; 32: 526-529.
15. Polson RJ, Kenna JG, Bomford A, Williams R. Measurement of ferritin in serum by an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Clin Chem. 1988; 34: 661-664. doi: 10.1093/clinchem/34.4.661
16. Thompson FE, Subar AF. Dietary assessment methodology. In: Coulston AM, Boushey CJ, Ferruzzi MG eds. Nutrition in the prevention and treatment of disease. 3rd ed. London: Academic Press. 2013; 5-46.
17. Hamilton LC. Statistics with Stata: Version 12, 8th edition. USA, CENGAGE. 2013.
18. He Y, Lam TH, Jiang B, et al. Changes in BMI before and during economic development and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease and total mortality: A 35-year follow-up study in China. Diabetes Care. 2014; 37(9): 2540-2547. doi: 10.2337/dc14-0243
19. Whitlock G, Lewington S, Sherliker P, et al. Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Lancet. 2009; 373: 1083-1096. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60318-4
20. Flegal KM, Kit BK, Orpana H, Graubard BI. Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2013; 309: 71-82. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.113905
21. Chen Y, Copeland WK, Vedanthan R, et al. Association between body mass index and cardiovascular disease mortality in East Asians and South Asians: pooled analysis of prospective data from the Asia Cohort Consortium. Br Med J. 2013; 347: f5446. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f5446
22. Lovegrove JA. CVD risk in South Asians: the importance of defining adiposity and influence of dietary polyunsaturated fat. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 2007; 66: 286-298. doi: 10.1017/S0029665107005514
23. Galan P, Noisettel N, Estaquio C, et al. Serum ferritin, cardiovascular risk factors and ischaemic heart diseases: a prospective analysis in the SU.VI.MAX (SUpplementation en VItamines et Mine´raux AntioXydants) cohort. Public Health Nutr. 2006; 9: 70-74. doi: 10.1079/PHN2005826
24. Sempos CT, Looker AC, Gillum RE, McGee DL, Vuong CV, Johnson CL. Serum ferritin and death from all causes and cardiovascular disease: the NHANES II Mortality Study. National Health and Nutrition Examination Study. Ann Epidemiol. 2000; 10: 441-448. doi: 10.1016/S1047-2797(00)00068-5
25. Friedrich N, Milman N, Völzke H, Linneberg A, Jørgensen T. Is serum ferritin within the reference range a risk predictor of cardiovascular disease? A population-based, long-term study comprising 2874 subjects. Br J Nutr. 2009; 102: 594-600. doi: 10.1017/S000711450922085X
26. Pourmoghaddas A, Sanei H, Garakyaraghi M, Esteki-Ghashghaei F, Gharaati M. The relation between body iron store and ferritin, and coronary artery disease. ARYA Atheroscler. 2014; 10: 32-36.
27. Sullivan JL. Iron and the sex difference in heart disease risk. Lancet. 1981; 1: 1293-1294. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(81)92463-6
28. Kiechl S, Aichner F, Gerstenbrand F. Body iron stores and presence of carotid atherosclerosis. Results from the Bruneck Study. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994; 14: 1625-1630. doi: 10.1161/01.atv.14.10.1625
29. Haidari M, Javadi E, Sanati A, Hajilooi M, Ghanbili J. Association of increased ferritin with premature coronary stenosis in men. Clin Chem. 2001; 47: 1666-1672. doi; 10.1093/clinchem/47.9.1666
30. Silvia WD, Biswas S, Uthappa S, Shetty P. Ferritin, a potent threat for acute myocardial infarction? J Assoc Physicians India. 2003; 51: 947-950.
31. Jeppesen J, Schaaf P, Jones C, et al. Effects of low-fat, high carbohydrate diets on risk factors for ischemic heart disease in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997; 65: 1027-1033. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/65.4.1027
32. Murphy KJ, Crichton M, Thorp AA, et al. Dairy foods and dairy protein consumption is inversely related to markers of adiposity in obese men and women. Nutrients. 2013; 4565-4584. doi: 10.3390%2Fnu5114665
33. FAO. Nutrients requirement in human nutrition. 2nd edition. Food and Agricultural Organization. Italy. 2004.
34. FNB/NAP. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrates, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein and amino acids. Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy Press. Washington, DC. 2005. doi: 10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90346-9
35. Birkenaes AB, Sogaard AJ, Engh JA, et al. Sociodemographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with severe mental disorders compared with the general population. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006; 67: 425-433. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v67n0314
36. Kaplan GA, Keil JE. Socio-economic factors and cardiovascular diseases: A review of literature. Circulation. 1993; 88: 1973-1998. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.88.4.1973
37. Yang WX, Yang Z, Wu YJ, Qiao SB, Yang YJ, Chen JL. Factors associated with coronary artery disease in young population (age ≤ 40): analysis with 217 cases. Chinese Med Sci J. 2014; 29: 38-42. doi: 10.1016/s1001-9294(14)60022-5