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*Corresponding author
Daniel Gandia, MD
Cancer Medicine Advisor at INFIP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; E-mail: drgandia@gmail.com

Article information

Received: September 14th, 2022; Revised: October 3rd, 2022; Accepted: October 10th, 2022; Published: October 12th, 2022

Cite this article

Gandia D, Suarez C. Cancer disease-oriented-drug development examples. Cancer Stud Mol Med Open J. 2022; 7(1): 1-2. doi: 10.17140/CSMMOJ-7-132

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cc Copyright 2022 by Gandia D. This is an open-access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which
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Background: Studies have shown that fatigue is a suggested factor in the causation of injury during soccer play (Greig, 2009), and has been associated with a decrease in hip range of movement (ROM) (Bradley et al., 2007). The prevalence of fatigue in the lower extremities is one of the main factors for hamstring and rectus femoris injuries (Woods et al., 2004). This may be a result of reduced ROM of the hip flexor (HF) muscle group. Reduction in ROM in these muscles may lead to suboptimal positioning of the pelvis through an increase in anterior pelvic tilt (APT). This could reduce lower body power output (LBPO) and increase tension placed on the hamstrings.
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fatigue during a 90-minute soccer-specific protocol on lower extremity range of movement, hamstring flexibility and lower body power output in soccer players.
Method: Eleven male amateur soccer players from the University of Hull men’s football team (Mean ± SD: Age: 20.9 ± 3.0. years) performed a multi-directional, aerobic multi-stage fitness simulation known as the SAFT 90 protocol (Small, McNaughton, Greig & Lovell, 2010). The SAFT 90 protocol was developed to replicate the physiological and mechanical demands made during soccer match-play. Data was collected with each participant partaking in four lab-based sessions.  Four performance tests were conducted at four intervals, pre SAFT 90 (t=0), interval one (t=15), interval 2 (t=30) and post SAFT 90 (t=45). The four performance tests used were the modified thomas test (MTT) (Harvey, D. 1998), Active Straight Leg Raise (Cook et al, 2006b), Standing Horizontal Jump to measure lower body power output (Harman & Garhammer, 2008). The study adopted a repeated measures design with all participants undergoing the following conditions: foam rolling (FR) of the HF, static stretching (SS) of the HF, a combination of both and a control condition in which none of the interventions were performed.  Each condition was performed after the first two intervals of the SAFT 90. Condition order was randomised for each participant.
Results: Analysis of the data showed that pre SAFT 90 average hip flexor ROM was 178° for the iliopsoas and 130° for the rectus femoris, with an average of 1.83m on the horizontal jump (HJ), and 70.7° on hamstring flexibility, compared to  post SAFT 90 measurements, each average measurement had increased to 191° for the iliopsoas and decreased to 128 ° for the rectus femoris, increasing 2.08m on the HJ and 75.7° on hamstring flexibility, thus resulting in an increase in performance . The post SAFT 90 measurements show an increase in hip and hamstring ROM, lower body power output and hamstring flexibility. Interventions of static hip flexor stretching and single sessions of foam rolling the hip flexor muscles show slight improvements, however the combination method showed the highest increase in performance measures.
Discussion and Conclusions: The study findings show that a combination of FR followed by static HF stretching increases hip ROM, hamstring ROM, hamstring flexibility and lower body power output after 45 minutes of intermittent soccer specific simulation. A decrease in lower body power output, ROM and flexibility was found as a result of fatigue, in the latter stages of the protocol following the control session. Behm, D. ECSS 2017, states that FR 5-10 (s) increase ROM, however FR 30-60 s increases ROM to a greater degree. Intermittent rolling after static stretching has been shown to maintain ROM gains to a significantly greater degree than single sessions of stretching or without rolling.

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