Re-evaluating the Optimal Exercise for the Critical Peri and Postmenopausal Years

Ifigeneia Giannopoulou, PhD

Senior Lecturer in Sport and Exercise Science, School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, Brighton20 7SR, UK; Tel. 01273 643731; E-mail: I.Giannopoulou@brighton.ac.uk

1. Bacon JL. The menopausal transition. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2017; 44(2): 285-296. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2017.02.008

2. Hale GE, Robertson DM, Burger HG. The perimenopausal woman: endocrinology and management. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014; 142: 121-131. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.08.015

3. Van Dijk GM, Kavousi M, Troup J, Franco OH. Health issues for menopausal women: the top 11 conditions have common solutions. Maturitas. 2015; 80(1): 24-30. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.09.013

4. Bromberger JT, Schott LL, Kravitz HM, et al. Longitudinal change in reproductive hormones and depressive symptoms across the menopausal transition: Results from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010; 67: 598-607. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.55

5. De Kruif M, Spijker AT, Molendijk ML. Depression during the perimenopause: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2016; 206: 174- 180. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.040

6. Gibbs Z, Lee S, Kulkarni J. Factors associated with depression during the perimenopausal transition. Womens Health Issues. 2013; 23(5): e301-e307. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2013.07.001

7. Brinton RD, Yao J, Yin F, Mack WJ, Cadenas E. Perimenopause as a neurological transition state. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2015; 11(7): 393-405. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.82

8. Georgakis MK, Kalogirou EI, Diamantaras AA, et al. Age at menopause and duration of reproductive period in association with dementia and cognitive function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2016; 73: 224-243. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.08.003

9. Wariso BA, Guerrieri GM, Thompson K, et al. Depression during the menopause transition: Impact on quality of life, social adjustment, and disability. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2017; 20(2): 273- 282. doi: 10.1007/s00737-016-0701-x

10. Kemmler W, Kohl M, von Stengel S. Long-term effects of exercise in postmenopausalwomen: 16-year results of the erlangen fitness and osteoporosis prevention study (EFOPS). Menopause. 2017; 24(1): 45-51. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000720

11. Gao HL, Gao HX, Sun FM, Zhang L. Effects of walking on body composition in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Menopause. 2016; 23(8): 928-934. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000627

12. Mandrup CM, Egelund J, Nyberg M. Effects of high-intensity training on cardiovascular risk factors in pre-menopausal and postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017; 216(4): 384.e1-384. e11. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.12.017

13. Mendoza N, De Teresa C, Cano A, et al. Benefits of physical exercise in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2016; 93: 83-88. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.04.017

14. Ross R, Janssen I. Physical activity, total and regional obesity: Dose-response considerations. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001; 33(6 Suppl): S521-S527. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200106001-00023

15. Bueno-Notivol J, Calvo-Latorre J, Alonso-Ventura V, et al. Effect of programmed exercise on insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Menopause. 2017; 24(12): 1404-1413. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000936

16. Cuff DJ, Meneilly GS, Martin A, Ignaszewski A, Tildesley HD, Frohlich JJ. Effective exercise modality to reduce insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26(11): 2977- 2982. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.11.2977

17. Giannopoulou I, Ploutz-Snyder LL, Carhart R, et al. Exercise is required for visceral fat loss in postmenopausalwomen with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005; 90(3): 1511-1518. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-1782

18. Giannopoulou I, Fernhall B, Carhart R, et al Effects of diet and/or exercise on the adipocytokine and inflammatory cytokine levels of postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Metabolism. 2005; 54(7): 866-875. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2005.01.033

19. Jarrete AP, Novais IP, Nunes HA, Puga GM, Delbin MA, Zanesco A. Influence of aerobic exercise training on cardiovascular and endocrine-inflammatory biomarkers in hypertensive postmenopausal women. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2014; 1: 108-114. doi: 10.1016/j.jcte.2014.07.004

20. Lin YY, Lee SD. Cardiovascular benefits of exercise training in postmenopausal hypertension. Int J Mol Sci. 2018; 19(9). pii: E2523. doi: 10.3390/ijms19092523

21. Sternfeld B, Dugan S. Physical activity and health during the menopausal transition. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2011; 38(3): 537-566. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2011.05.008

22. Coll-Risco I, Borges-Cosic M, Acosta-Manzano P, Camiletti-Moirón D, Aranda P, Aparicio VA. Effects of concurrent exercise on cardiometabolic status during perimenopause: the FLAMENCO Project. Climacteric. 2018; 21(6): 559-565. doi: 10.1080/13697137.2018.1526892

23. Ring-Dimitriou S, Steinbacher P, von Duvillard SP, Kaessmann H, Müller E, Sänger AM. Exercise modality and physical fitness in perimenopausal women. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009; 105(5): 739-747. doi: 10.1007/s00421-008-0956-7

24. Zhang J, Chen G, Lu W, et al. Effects of physical exercise on health-related quality of life and blood lipids in perimenopausal women: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Menopause. 2014; 21(12): 1269-1276. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000264

25. Wu L, Chen R, Ma D, Zhang S, Walton-Moss B, He Z. Effects of lifestyle intervention improve cardiovascular disease risk factors in community-based menopausal transition and early postmenopausal women in China. Menopause. 2014; 21(12): 1263-1268. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000248

26. Hollekim-Strand SM, Bjørgaas MR, Albrektsen G, Tjønna AE, Wisløff U, Ingul CB. High-intensity intervalexercise effectively improves cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diastolic dysfunction: A randomized controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 64(16): 1758-1760. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.971

27. Keating SE, Johnson NA, Mielke GI, Coombes JS. A systematic review and meta-analysis of interval training versus moderateintensity continuous training on body adiposity. Obes Rev. 2017; 18(8): 943-964. doi: 10.1111/obr.12536

28. Su L, Fu J, Sun S, et al. Effects of HIIT and MICT on cardiovascular risk factors in adults with overweight and/or obesity: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2019; 14(1): e0210644. doi: 10.1371/ journal.pone.0210644

29. Wisløff U, Ellingsen O, Kemi OJ. High-intensity interval training to maximize cardiac benefits of exercise training? Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2009; 37(3): 139-146. doi: 10.1097/JES.0b013e3181aa65fc

30. Weston KS, Wisløff U, CoombesJS. High-intensity interval training in patients with lifestyle-induced cardiometabolic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2014; 48(16): 1227-1234. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092576

31. Vella CA, Taylor K, Drummer D. High-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training elicit similar enjoyment and adherence levels in overweight and obese adults. Eur J Sport Sci. 2017; 17(9): 1203-1211. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1359679

32. Grossman JA, Arigo D, Bachman JL. Meaningful weight loss in obese postmenopausal women: a pilot study of high-intensity interval training and wearable technology. Menopause. 2018; 25(4): 465-470. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001013

33. Maillard F, Rousset S, Pereira B, et al. High-intensity interval training reduces abdominal fat mass in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2016; 42(6): 433-441. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2016.07.031

34. Maillard F, Pereira B, Boisseau N. Effect of high-intensity interval training on total, abdominal and visceral fat mass: A metaanalysis. Sports Med. 2018; 48(2): 269-288. doi: 10.1007/s40279- 017-0807-y

35. Egelund J, Jørgensen PG, Mandrup CM, et al. Cardiac adaptations to high-intensity aerobic training in pre-menopausal and recent postmenopausal women: The copenhagen women study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017; 6(8). pii: e005469. doi: 10.1161/ JAHA.117.005469

36. Kong Z, Sun S, Liu M, Shi Q. Short-term high-intensity interval training on body composition and blood glucose in overweight and obese young women. J Diabetes Res. 2016; 2016: 4073618. doi: 10.1155/2016/4073618

37. Kotopoulea-Nikolaidi M, Watkins E, Giannopoulou I. Effects of high carbohydrate vs. high protein pre-exercise feedings on psychophysiological responses to high intensity interval exercise in overweight perimenopausal women. Front Nutr. 2019; 5: 141. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00141

38. Talanian JL, Galloway SD, Heigenhauser GJ, Bonen A, Spriet LL. Two weeks of high-intensity aerobic interval training increases the capacity for fat oxidation during exercise in women. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007; 102(4): 1439-1447. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01098.2006

39. Seidelin K, Nyberg M, Piil P, Jørgensen NR, Hellsten Y, Bangsbo J. Adaptations with intermittent exercise training in post- and pre-menopausal women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017; 49(1): 96-105. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001071

40. Miszko TA, Cress ME. A lifetime of fitness: Exercise in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal woman. Clin Sports Med. 2000; 19(2): 215-232. doi: 10.1016/S0278-5919(05)70200-3

41. Panagiotakos D, Pitsavos C, Chrysohoou C, Skoumas J, Stefanadis C. Status and management of blood lipids in Greek adults and their socio-demographic, life-style and dietary factors: The ATTICA study. Blood lipid distribution in Greece. Atherosclerosis. 2004; 173(2): 351-361. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2003.12.03

42. Wisløff U, Støylen A, Loennechen JP, et al. Superior cardiovascular effect of aerobic interval training versus moderate continuous training in heart failure patients: A randomized study. Circulation. 2007; 115: 3086-3094. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675041