New Therapeutic Strategies to Control and Treatment of Bovine Mastitis.
Bovine mastitis, which is an inflammation of the mammary gland frequently resulting from bacterial infection, causes the majority of economic losses to the dairy producers. The prevalence of mastitis in dairy cattle is relatively high. Bovine mastitis can be classified based on clinical futures as clinical or subclinical. Both forms produce significant economic losses due to rejected milk, degraded milk quality, early culling of cows, drug costs, veterinary expenses and increased labour costs for the farmer. Moreover, subclinical mastitis is the main form of mastitis in modern dairy herds, exceeding 20 to 50% of cows in given herds. The cost of subclinical mastitis is very difficult to quantify, but most of the researchers agree that it can be up to 40 times more common than clinical mastitis.
However, because of the emerging antibiotic resistance mainly due to their overuse and other
possible mechanisms for poor cure rate in mastitis include: (i) low intracellular uptake of commonly-used drugs, (ii) the non-diffusion of acidic antibiotics at neutral extracellular or cytoplasmic pH through the lysosomal membrane, (iii) the very poor retention in cells. For all these reasons, activity is not expected to be very long-lasting when antibiotics are administered as aqueous solutions. Nanotechnology has enabled researchers to synthesize nanosized particles (less than 100 nm), using them in a wide range of applications, particularly in drug delivery.
Nanoparticles possess increased surface areas and therefore have increased interactions with biological targets (such as bacteria) compared with traditional, micronparticles. Moreover, nanoparticles are much more likely to enter cells than micron particles. As a whole, nano-antibacterial particles will posses stronger effects on bacteria than their micro-counterparts.
Vet Med Open J. 2016; 1(2): e7-e8. doi: 10.17140/VMOJ-1-e004
