Host Related Risk Factors of Bovine Trypanosomosis and Vector Density in Halu District of Ilubabor Zone, West Ethiopia

Abstract

Background
Trypanosomosis is disease caused by unicellular parasites, trypanosome, found blood and other tissue of vertebrates; including
livestock, wild life and people. It is a serious disease in domestic livestock causing a significant negative impact on food production
and economic growth in many parts of the world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Its epidemiology and impact on livestock
production are largely determined by the prevalence and distribution of the disease and its vectors in the affected area.
Aim
To assess the host related risk factors of bovine trypanosomosis and apparent density of tsetse flies in four peasant associations
of the study area. In relation to the host risk factors, the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was highest in those animals with
poor body condition.
Results
The overall 5.32% prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was recorded from 432 blood sample collected from randomly selected
animals using Buffy coat method. Trypanosoma congolense was the dominant species 14 (60.87%). However, it was not statistically
significant between sex of animals (p>0.05). The mean packed cell volume (PCV) value of the infected animals was lower
(20.65%±2.85) compared to non-infected animals (25.74%±4.80). There was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the
PCV values of infected and non-infected animals. Moreover, animals with different body condition exhibited statistically significant
variation (p<0.05) in the prevalence of trypanosomosis. Overall an apparent density of the flies was 2.42 f/t/d by using
mono-pyramidal and biconical traps. It indicated that, G. morsitance submorsitance, G. pallidipes and G. tachinoides were tsetse flies
species caught.
Conclusion
Finally, this work showed that trypanosomosis is an important disease affecting the health and productivity of cattle in the district.
Hence, due attention should be given to this sector so as to improve livestock production and agricultural development in the area.