Paraneoplastic Syndrome: What should Pulmonologists know?

Abstract

Pulmonologists often encounter patients with oncologic emergencies (Figure 1) such 
as metabolic syndrome (tumor lysis syndrome),1 hypercalcemia, syndrome of inappropriate 
secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), hematologic (febrile neutropenia and hyperviscosity syndrome) and structural disorders (superior vena cava syndrome,2
 spinal cord compression syndrome, malignant pericardial effusion,3
 and malignant airway obstruction4
), alongwith 
drug-related adverse eventsin already-known malignancies including liver5
 or pulmonary toxicity6,7 and renal disease.8,9 Additionally, pulmonologists occasionally encounter paraneoplastic 
syndrome (PNS), which partially overlaps with oncologic emergencies (Figure 1). In this regard, pulmonologists should be aware of PNS, involving organ-based classification (Figur