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Current Issue
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The Right to Abortion in North Macedonia
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Abstract [+]
Equitable access to safe abortion is part of the corpus of human rights. Providing women with access to safe abortion means protection and realization of one of their fundamental human rights. However, around the world, even nowadays, women face not only legal obstacles, but as well stigmatization and conviction against fulfillment of the right to abortion. In North Macedonia there a multiple type of barriers and large inequalities related to the accessibility and availability of reproductive healthcare
services. Women with low socio-economic status are mostly affected. The need for contraception has not been met and reproductive healthcare services are unevenly distributed across the country.
Keywords
Laws; Abortion; Safe; Women’s sexual and reproductive rights; Healthcare services.
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Surrogacy: A Novelty Concept in North Macedonia
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Surrogacy has existed since ancient times. Depending on the way of creating an embryo, two types of surrogacy differ, traditional and gestational. When it comes to monetary compensation, two types of surrogacy exist, altruistic and commercialized. A lot of questions come to light such as: Is the altruistic surrogacy a humane gesture for all contracted parties? What if the mother changes her mind? Do the babies born of surrogacy mothers have rights? In North Macedonia, surrogacy was introduced for
the first time in 2014 in the amended Law on Biomedicine and Assisted Fertilization. It was a novelty having in mind that in the Law of 2008 the surrogacy as a practice was outlawed. The amended law applies the term gestational mother and provides a
liberal stance, but many provisions are unclear.
Keywords
Laws; Gestational carrier; Commercialization; Altruism; Child rights; Health consequences.
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Determining Factors Associated with Sexual Behavior and Undesired Outcomes in Urban,Young, Adult Female Populations: A Comparative Study
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Background
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancies affect adolescent females annually. This study’s objective was to determine factors leading to disproportionate risk of STIs and unplanned pregnancies utilizing a survey to compare a presumed high-risk urban female population with an age-matched expected low-risk urban female population.
Methods
Adolescent women ages 18-24 were surveyed during 2017 utilizing a qualtrics survey. The survey was given at a local urban university and participating students received research credit. The survey was also given at an urban Emergency Department (ED) using an iPad to participants during their visit. The main outcomes measured were STI and unplanned pregnancy rates.
Results
The ED cohort had higher rates of chlamydia (52% vs 5%), gonorrhea (20% vs 0%), trichomoniasis (30% vs 2%), pregnancy (60% vs 2%), and perceived themselves to be a higher-risk for pregnancy (3.4 vs 1.9) than the University cohort. They were younger the first time they had vaginal sex (15.6 vs 16.3-years), though median age of first oral sex was similar between groups. The ED cohort
was older (21.4-years-old vs 19.1-years-old) and more likely to be non-white (64% vs 6%). There were no differences between the cohorts in regard to educational background and sexual orientation. After adjustments were made, the University cohort was more likely to use condoms and had a lower rate of lifetime partners.
Conclusion
Young, urban females use condoms and birth control less frequently and have more male partners than an age-matched university population.
Keywords
Young; Urban; Females; STI; Sexual behavior.
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Sexual Violence and Victim Blaming in Nigeria
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Aims and Objectives
To determine the trend and pattern of sexual violence and victim blaming in Nigeria, which is associated with a range of health consequences, to publish the trend and proffer solutions on how to stem the tide.
Methods
Questionnaires were administered to individuals physically by hand as well as electronically via online social media groups.
Results
In this study carried out between July 2019 and August 2020, the opinion of 251 respondents comprising 153 males (61%) and 98 females (39%) between ages 23 and 60 years, were sought concerning who to blame in a sexual violence event: 150 (60%) comprising 120 males (45%) and 30 females (15%) blamed the victim: 80 (31%) comprising 26 males (10%) and 54 females (21%)
blamed the perpetrators, while 21 (9%) comprising 7 males (3%) and 14 females (6%) were indifferent.
Conclusion
Victim blaming is prevalent in Nigeria and this has been one of the major factors that make sexual violence the fastest growing crime in this most populated Sub-Saharan African Country.
Keywords
Sexual violence; Victim blaming; Nigeria.
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Blighted Ovum: A Case Report
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Measurement of Women’s Leg Edema Using Ultrasonography
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Preparing for an In vitro Fertilization Cycle
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Endometrial Cancer in the United States: A Review of the Current Literature
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Previous Issue
Blighted Ovum: A Case Report
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Abstract [+]
Presenting in her late twenties, this case report examines a G6P2 patient at 11-weeks gestation that was diagnosed with a blighted ovum, as well as the subsequent outcome and methods of additional management. A blighted ovum refers to a fertilized egg that does not develop, despite the formation of a gestational sac. The most common cause of a blighted ovum is of genetic origin. Trisomies account for most first trimester miscarriages, while consanguineous marriages result in recurrent miscarriages due to a blighted ovum. Additionally, a higher percentage of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in sperm carries a higher rate of miscarriage. Nutritional factors that may lead to a blighted ovum include low-levels of copper, prostaglandin E2, and anti-oxidative enzymes. High body mass index (BMI), especially in women with a BMI≥30 kg/m2 has been shown to be linked to a blighted ovum. Globally, it has been shown that a blighted ovum is a serious adverse event related to vaccination against dengue fever.
Measurement of Women’s Leg Edema Using Ultrasonography
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Preparing for an In vitro Fertilization Cycle
PDF 287.93 KB
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Endometrial Cancer in the United States: A Review of the Current Literature
PDF 290.52 KB
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Abstract [+]
Background
Endometrial cancer is cancer of, or from, the endometrium of the uterus. According to the ACS, it is estimated that, in the United States, about 61,880 cases of cancers of the body of the uterus will be diagnosed in 2019 alone, while about 12,160 women will die from the disease. There are several types and classifications of endometrial cancer based on basic histological or clinical features, or a combination of both. Most of the current interventions have been focused on early detection especially in high-risk women. This is a review of the epidemiology and risk factors, public health actions, and latest interventions in the management of endometrial cancer in the United States.
Keywords
Endometrial cancer; the United States; Review.
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Associate Editors
Steven R. Lindheim, MD, MMM
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology Program Director, Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine 128 E. Apple Street, Suite 3811 Dayton, OH 45409, USA
Masafumi Koshiyama, MD, PhD
Professor Department of Womens Health Graduate school of human nursing The university of Shiga Prefecture 522-8533, Japan