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Vaccination Research - Open Journal (VROJ)
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Article in press

  • 2016, January

    editorial

    Some Problems of Vaccination Campaigns in Developing CountriesOpen Access

    Chengjun Sun*
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-1-e001
    Provisional PDF272.33 KB 272.33 KB
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  • 2016, February

    mini review

    Leading Ebola Vaccine CandidatesOpen Access

    Vincent Pavot*
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-1-101
    Provisional PDF364.53 KB 364.53 KB
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  • 2016, April

    commentary

    C-C Chemokine Receptor Seven (CCR7): Coming of Age In VaccinesOpen Access

    Colin A. Bill, Olga B. Soto and Charlotte M. Vines*
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-1-102
    Provisional PDF338.02 KB 338.02 KB
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  • 2016, April

    original research

    Herd Immunity Conferred By Hepatitis B Vaccination Increases the Protection Efficacy against Hepatitis B Virus InfectionOpen Access

    Yuting Wang, Ling-Ling Lu, Dongmei Wang and Chunfeng Qu*
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-1-103
    Provisional PDF375.02 KB 375.02 KB
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  • 2016, July

    editorial

    Current Status of Human Immunodeficiency Virus VaccinesOpen Access

    Daniela Sosa, Rahul Dev Jayant*, Ajeet Kaushik and Madhavan Nair*
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-1-e002
    Provisional PDF359.54 KB 359.54 KB
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  • 2016, September

    review

    Innovations in Microbial Biodiscovery, Targeting Silent Metabolism and New Chemical DiversityOpen Access

    Zeinab G. Khalil* and Robert J. Capon
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-1-104
    Provisional PDF1.43 MB 1.43 MB
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  • 2016, September

    original research

    Dendritic Cell Maturation is a Critical Step in Dendritic Cell Vaccine Preparation for Cancer TherapyOpen Access

    Samad Farashi-Bonab and Nemat Khansari*
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-1-105
    Provisional PDF961.51 KB 961.51 KB
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  • 2017, May

    editorial

    Cell Derived Virus-Like Particles (VLP) in Future Vaccine DevelopmentOpen Access

    Pramila Walpita*
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-1-e003
    Provisional PDF258.24 KB 258.24 KB
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  • 2017, May

    review

    Ebola Virus: Promising Vaccine CandidatesOpen Access

    Reema Sameem and Sajani Dias*
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-1-106
    Provisional PDF385.19 KB 385.19 KB
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  • 2017, June

    original research

    Fluorinated Lipids Conjugated to Peptide Antigens do not Induce Immune Responses Against Cervical CancerOpen Access

    Waleed M. Hussein, Saori Mukaida, Tzu-Yu Liu, Istvan Toth and Mariusz Skwarczynski*
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-1-107
    Provisional PDF521.95 KB 521.95 KB
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  • 2017, August

    editorial

    Recent Advances in Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccines DevelopmentOpen Access

    Alexander N. Zakhartchouk*
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-1-e004
    Provisional PDF310.46 KB 310.46 KB
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  • 2017, November

    review

    Immunobiology of Anticancer Virotherapy With Newcastle Disease Virus in Cancer PatientsOpen Access

    Samad Farashi-Bonab and Nemat Khansari*
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-1-108
    Provisional PDF438.63 KB 438.63 KB
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  • 2018, April

    editorial

    Education and Health System Collaboration are Indispensable in Vaccination CoverageOpen Access

    Chengjun Sun*
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-1-e005
    Provisional PDF402.68 KB 402.68 KB
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  • 2018, May

    editorial

    The Case for Flu VaccinationOpen Access

    Olukayode A. Akinlaja*
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-1-e006
    Provisional PDF270.56 KB 270.56 KB
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  • 2018, August

    review

    The Concept of Developing a Plasmodium vivax Malarial Vaccine with a Focus on its Pre-erythrocytic StageOpen Access

    Tuan Imaad Aarif, Sajani Dias*
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-1-109
    Provisional PDF318.29 KB 318.29 KB
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  • 2019, March

    review

    A Review of Vaccine Efficacy MeasuresOpen Access

    Sayan Dasgupta*
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-1-110
    Provisional PDF379.93 KB 379.93 KB
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  • 2019, April

    review

    Salmonella-based Anticancer Vaccines and their EfficacyOpen Access

    Samad Farashi-Bonab* and Nemat Khansari
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-1-111
    Provisional PDF365.81 KB 365.81 KB
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  • 2019, April

    perspective

    Consensus Meeting on International Standards for Oral Whole Cell Killed Cholera Vaccines, 17-18 May 2018, Seoul, Republic of KoreaOpen Access

    Lina Odevall, Sjoerd Rijpkema, Dean Smith, Tong Wu, Firdausi Qadri, Jan Holmgren, Julia Lynch and Viliam Pavliak*
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-1-112
    Provisional PDF474.29 KB 474.29 KB
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  • 2019, July

    opinion

    Neoantigen: A New Hope for Effective Cancer ImmunotherapyOpen Access

    Nemat Khansari*
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-1-113
    Provisional PDF232.53 KB 232.53 KB
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  • 2019, August

    original research

    Self-Adjuvanting Peptide Vaccines Against Cervical CancerOpen Access

    Hannah Hanh-Hong Truong, Waleed M. Hussein*, Tzu-Yu Liu, Zhongfan Jia, James W. Wells, Michael J. Monteiro, Mariusz Skwarczynski and Istvan Toth
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-1-114
    Provisional PDF603.54 KB 603.54 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Background

    Cervical cancer is a common cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide, with a fatality rate second only to breast cancer. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the main causative agents of cervical cancer, and are therefore obvious targets for vaccine development. Although two prophylactic HPV vaccines have been commercialized, therapeutic vaccines against HPVs have not been developed yet. Current vaccine technologies emphasize the power of small particles in targeting immune cells, and particles of 20-50 nm have been reported to induce optimal immune responses against a variety of pathogens and cancers.

    Methods

    We synthesized new nanoparticle-based vaccines against cervical cancer by using antigenic 8Qmin peptide epitope derived from HPV-16 E7 protein, a hydrophilic poly-(L-glutamic acid) (PGA) linker, and an 8-arm poly (tert-butyl acrylate) dendrimer-based delivery system (D8).

    Results

    Four different peptides containing 8Qmin and PGA of different lengths were successfully synthesized with high yield and purity. These were then conjugated to alkyne-functionalized D8 by copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition “click” reaction. The conjugates self-assembled into nanoparticles, with decreased particle size corresponding to a greater number of Glu units. The four vaccine candidates were tested in C57 black 6 (C57BL/6) mice bearing well-established (7-day-old) tumors to examine their therapeutic effects.

    Conclusion

    Interestingly, only one conjugate delayed tumor growth, and montanide adjuvanted antigen, used as a positive control, failed to demonstrate any therapeutic effect.

    Keywords

    Peptide-based subunit vaccine; Human papillomavirus; Polyglutamic acid; Therapeutic cancer vaccine; Polymer-peptide conjugate; Self-adjuvanting; Cervical cancer.


  • 2019, December

    original research

    Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance of the Probiotic Bacteria Found in Commercial Food ProductsOpen Access

    R. M. Asela Priyadarshana* and Clarencia R. Daniel
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-1-115
    Provisional PDF644.82 KB 644.82 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Aim

    The Lactobacillus is an industrially-important group of probiotic organisms that plays an important role in human health by inhibiting harmful and pathogenic bacterial growth, boosting immune function, and increasing resistance to infection. The aim of this study was to identify the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus based on their phenotypic features and genotypic features. This study also shows the importance of probiotic bacterium, and the effects of their antibiotic resistance to human.

    Method

    Six different brands were cultured on man, rogosa and sharpe (MRS) agar. The identity of the culture was based on the characteristics of the strains of Lactobacillus spp. which was characterized using their phenotypic features (cell morphology, Gram’s staining tests which are specific for Lactobacillus genus). The bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted by two different methods, boiled cell method and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method. Furthermore, the extracted DNA yields were compared to determine which gives the best yield. The bacterial genus was detected with using genus specific primers, specific to the Lactobacillus. All the isolates were further subjected to antibiotic resistance test using disc diffusion method against a total of 4 antibiotics (Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Vancomycin and Ampicillin) and the antibiotic resistant genes of tet(M) & erm(B), were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

    Results

    Five isolates out of six samples (A to E) were found to exhibit multiple resistance against some of the most commonly used antibiotics. The isolates showed resistance toward tetracycline, erythromycin & vancomycin. Besides that, the isolates displayed a low-level of resistance toward ampicillin.

    Conclusion

    This study proves that antibiotic resistance is present in different species of probiotic strains, which may pose a food safety concern.

    Keywords

    Lactobacillus; Probiotics; Antibiotics; Tetracycline; Vancomycin; Erythromycin; Ampicillin; Antibiotic resistance.


  • 2020, February

    original research

    Recombinant Protein D from Haemophilus influenzae Induces Mouse Bactericidal Antibodies Against Typeable and Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae, which Partially Protect Infant Rats Against Serotype b BacteraemiaOpen Access

    Nathan Palmer*, Yajun Tan, Manolya Saydam, Arif Felek, Huajie Zhang, Shumin Zhang, Min Fang, Jun X. Wheeler, Qiming Hou, Xiao Ma, Junzhi Wang and Fatme Mawas
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-2-116
    Provisional PDF745.98 KB 745.98 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Aim

    To evaluate the immunogenicity of a recombinant protein D from Haemophilus Influenzae (Hi) and the functional activities of the induced protein D antibodies in a mouse model.

    Methods

    Female Balb/c mice were immunised subcutaneously with recombinant protein D in the presence or absence of adjuvants and the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) response to protein D was assessed by ELISA. The functional activity of the immune sera was evaluated in vitro using bactericidal assay against typeable Hi serotype b (Hib) and non-typeable Hi (NTHi) clinical isolates and in vivo using an infant rat bacteraemia model and a Hib clinical isolate.

    Results

    A dose-dependent IgG response was induced in mice immunised with the recombinant protein D and this response was further increased by the adjuvants used [CPG, AlPO4 and Al(OH)3], with the latter showing the greatest effect on the antibody response. Immune sera were very effective in bactericidal assay against several Hib and NTHi clinical isolates, with a higher serum bactericidal titre against the NTHi than against the Hib isolates. This is possibly due to the lower expression of protein D on the Hib isolates used in our study, compared to the NTHi isolates. In addition, anti-protein D antibodies were partially protective in vivo infant rat bacteraemia model against a challenge with Hib Eagan strain.

    Conclusion

    Our results suggest that recombinant protein D is a good vaccine candidate against Hi and should be given in combination with other vaccine candidates to ensure complete protection against Hib and NTHi.

    Keywords

    Haemophilus influenzae (Hi); Haemophilus influenzae serotype b bacteraemia; Rats.


  • 2020, August

    original research

    Model Liposomal Delivery System for Drugs and VaccinesOpen Access

    Farrhana Z.Firdaus, Zeinab G. Khalil, Robert J. Capon, Mariusz Skwarczynski, IstvanToth* and Waleed M. Hussein*
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/VROJ-1-117
    Provisional PDF467.78 KB 467.78 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Background

    Liposomes have been used for drug delivery since their discovery 60-years-ago. The advantages they provide as carriers have been recognised and exploited to improve the delivery of numerous drugs and eliminate harmful side-effects. Liposomal delivery has been tested for anticancer drugs, anti-tuberculosis drugs, variety of vaccines, just to list a few.

    Methods

    We developed a series of liposomal formulations with the addition of cholesterol and polyethylene glycol. The uptake of these formulations by human epithelial prostate cancer (PC-3) cells and mouse macrophages was examined and analysed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy.

    Results

    Among the liposomes tested, small anionic liposome vesicles (≤200 nm) prepared with egg phosphatidylglycerol as the main lipid were most effectively taken up by PC-3 cells and macrophages.

    Conclusion

    We produced a liposome formulation that can be used as a model system for the delivery of drugs and vaccines.

    Keywords

    Liposomes; Drug delivery; Vaccines delivery; Egg phosphatidylglycerol; Polyethylene glycol.


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Editor-in-Chief

Waleed Hussein, PhD

School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia  

Associate Editors

Chunfeng Qu, MD, PhD

Professor Director Department of the Immunology Principle Investigator of the State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China  

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