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Article in press
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A Case Report on Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease Seen at a Tertiary Hospital in the Philippines
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Do You Still Use Topical Antibiotics after Intravitreal Injections?
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Abstract [+]
Nowadays intravitreal drug injection is the most frequent treatment for retinal diseases. Despite widely use endophthalmitis is already most feared complication of every intravitreal injection in each patient. In clinical setting topical antibiotics have been widely used as a precaution to prevent endophthalmitis however recent published evidence showed it to be unnecessary. Furthermore repeated use of topical antibiotics might give rise to antibiotic resistance in conjunctival flora and thus more aggressive endophthalmitis. Strict asepsis has been awarded as the main rule for endophthalmitis prophylaxis intravitreal injection.
Keywords
Intravitreal injection; Steroid; Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); Topical antibiotic; Enodphthalmitis; Antibiotic resistance.
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Complications Related to Implants Used in Anterior Bleb Forming Glaucoma Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Literature
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Abstract [+]
Purpose
To make an account of published implant-related complications (IRC) by a systematic review of the literature.
Methods
A systematic search of Pubmed and Scopus databases and Google Scholar engine was performed with selection criteria to detect papers on IRC. We excluded unrelated papers and reviewed selected ones. We considered papers that did not explicitly state about occurrence or not occurrence of IRC as non-IRC reporting. Main outcome measures were the number of papers reporting on complications, IRC, and types of IRC.
Results
After the search, selection, and addition, we studied 109 papers. Incidence of IRC was 4.5%, half required explantation. While 26 implant studies found IRCs (23%), 13 case reports on surgical complications, 8 (61.5%) of them reported IRC. Frequent complications were conjunctival erosion, blockage of the tube, migration to anterior chamber or damage to surrounding tissues.
Conclusion
Most papers did not report on IRC. Length or nature of studies may skew finding IRC. The incidence of IRC was 4.5%. Hard and sharp implants carry a greater risk of IRC and explantation.
Keywords
Implant-related complications (IRC); Glaucoma surgery; Anterior bleb forming.
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Sirtuin Inhibitor as a Novel Cell Cycle Checkpoint and Regulator of the TP53-MDM2 Pathway in Uveal Melanoma
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Abstract [+]
Purpose
The liver is the most common site of uveal melanoma (UM) metastasis with approximately 50% of UM patients being affected. With no proven therapies that mitigate metastases the mortality rate is 85% within the first year after detection of the liver disease. In this study, we provide a mechanistic understanding of the de-regulation of the TP53-MDM2 pathway in UM, which plays a central role in tumor biology.
Methods
We investigated the TP53-MDM2 signaling pathway in the microenvironment of liver metastases taken from both a murine orthotopic xenograft and post-mortem metastatic UM human liver. These findings were studied in-depth using both primary and metastatic UM cell lines treated with the MDM2 antagonist Nutlin-3a and the sirtuin inhibitor and transcriptional activator of TP53, Tenovin-6.
Results
De-regulation of the TP53-MDM2 signaling pathway is specific to the liver microenvironment, providing a survival mechanism for UM metastases. Tenovin-6, not Nutlin-3a, reduced UM cell survival by increasing the percentage of cell death and reducing the percentage of proliferating cells. Tenovin-6 increased acetylation of p53, reduced ubiquitination of the protein, and acted as a cell cycle regulator.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that in patients with metastatic UM de-regulation of TP53-MDM2 signaling pathway promotes growth of the liver metastases and provides pre-clinical information on the potential of targeting of the TP53-MDM2 signaling pathway via Tenovin-6.
Keywords
Uveal melanoma; Ocular tumors; Nutlin-3a; Tenovin-6; TP53; MDM2.
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Editor-in-Chief
Adam J. Cohen, MD
2591 Compass Rd. Ste 115 Glenview, IL 60026, USA and Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology Section Director of Oculoplastic and Reconstructive Surgery Rush University School of Medicine Chicago, IL 60026, USA
Associate Editors
Hoai Viet Tran, FEBO
Medicine Practitioner Hôpital ophtalmique Jules-Gonin Lausanne, Switzerland
Syed Shoeb Ahmad, MBBS, MS, FAEH, FCLI
Ophthalmology Specialist Department of Ophthalmology Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
Xiaoyan Ding, PhD
Faculty Department of Vitreous-Retina Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Ya-Sen University Guangdong, China
Jennifer Kielczewski, PhD
Staff Scientist National Eye Institute National Institutes of Health Biological Imaging Core (BIC) 6 Center Drive Bldg. 6 Room 206B Bethesda, MD 20892-0606