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Social Behavior Research and Practice - Open Journal (SBRPOJ)
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Volume 4, Issue 2

Volume 4, Issue 2

  • 2019, November

    opinion

    Despite 50 Years of Knowledge of Actual Versus Perceived Risk, Public Fear Persists of Contaminated FoodsOpen Access

    Sweta Chakraborty*
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/SBRPOJ-4-118
    PDF222.43 KB 222.43 KB
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  • 2020, February

    opinion

    How to Make Your New Year’s Resolutions Work?Open Access

    Soma Mandal*
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/SBRPOJ-4-119
    PDF249.18 KB 249.18 KB
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Article in press

NOTE: The DOIs of the In-Press Articles will only function after the final publication of the articles and once they are uploaded to the Current Issues.
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Current Issue

  • 2020, July

    book review

    Enlightment in Darkness: United Nations and Behavioral Sciences Global ContributionOpen Access

    Jose R. Rodrigues-Gomez*
    DOI:
    PDF192.05 KB 192.05 KB
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  • 2020, August

    original research

    Empathy, Arrogance and Social Desirability Among Medical Students in Puerto Rico: An Exploratory Study Post- Hurricane MaríaOpen Access

    Stephanie M. Vega-Molina*, José R. Rodríguez-Gómez and Coralee Pérez-Pedrogo
    DOI:
    PDF446.30 KB 446.30 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Introduction

    Medical and psychological literature finds that empathy is crucial in the doctor-patient relationship, and that in the last 30-years there has been a decrease among college students, particularly medical students. After the passing of Hurricane María in Puerto Rico, many medical professionals migrated, leaving the island with fewer specialists to teach the remaining medical community. This is the first such study conducted with medical students in Puerto Rico. It examines the perception of empathy from the medical student perspective amidst the particular historical context of a national emergency.

    Method

    Three instruments were used: The Jefferson Scale of Empathy (Student Spanish Version) (JSE-S), Arrogance Scale (AS) and Social Desirability Scale. A Non-Experimental Correlational Exploratory study was carried out with 200 medical students (55.5% female; 44.5% male), who were coursing third (45.5%) or fourth year (54.5%), from three major medical schools on the island. The students signed informed consents and also answered sociodemographic questions.

    Findings

    The JSE-S demonstrated an acceptable internal consistency reliability (α=0.79) with 11 items and three underlying factors. Female students showed higher empathy scores than their male counterparts (M=73.96 vs. M=70.22, p=0.001). The JSE-S and the AS were inversely correlated. Results support that social desirability is not statistically significant as a moderator between empathy and arrogance. Significant differences were found on arrogance scores pertaining to medical specialty and on religious background. Empathy and arrogance were unrelated to age, coursing year, income or university of precedence.

    Conclusions

    Raising awareness about the importance of empathy through positive role modeling, interpersonal dynamics and valuing the doctor-patient relationship through the formative years of medical school is recommended.

    Keywords

    Empathy; Jefferson Scale of Empathy; Medical students; Puerto Rico; Arrogance; Social desirability.


  • 2020, September

    original research

    Vaping and Edibles: Self-Reported Usage Patterns Among Teens In and Out of TreatmentOpen Access

    Nelson J. Tiburcio* and Scarlett L. Baker
    DOI:
    PDF407.42 KB 407.42 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Objective

    This article examines one key aspect of the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI) Institute’s forthcoming third iteration of the Adolescent Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI-A3). Overall project aims were to revise the second version of the adolescent SASSI (SASSI-A2), and to update new symptom-related identifiers of substance use disorders in adolescents according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) guidelines.

    Methods

    We added new questions regarding cannabidiol (CBD) edible consumption and the extent of vaping to review and subsequently address these dangers in teens. Identifying these patterns will inevitably direct the course of subsequent clinical interviews and treatment planning. Early intervention is a critical component towards preventing possible negative outcomes for substance misusing teens.

    Results

    This aspect of the research demonstrated a connection between a higher acknowledged usage pattern of teens in treatment versus teens not in treatment. Correlations between beliefs associated with marijuana legalization, marijuana usage by family and friends, tobacco use, connection between age at first use, and the onset of regular usage patterns were also shown to be significantly higher among teens in treatment.

    Conclusions

    Teens that begin using alcohol, drugs, and tobacco early in adolescence are more likely to engage in vaping and edible usage. They are also more likely to use at a more frequent rate. In addition, teens who are surrounded by family and friends who engage in marijuana use are more likely to be supportive of its recreational use and legalization. This acknowledged information on the SASSI-A3 can help direct treatment planning early in the counseling relationship and provide a gateway for bringing family in the treatment and education process.

    Keywords

    Adolescents; Vaping; Edibles; Tobacco; Marijuana; Cannabis.


  • 2020, November

    review

    Gestational, Perinatal and Neonatal Loss: Emotional and Psychological Consequences on Mothers, Fathers and Healthcare ProfessionalsOpen Access

    Fabiola Ortiz-Aparicio*, José R. Rodríguez-Gómez and Maribella Gonzalez-Viruet
    DOI:
    PDF418.35 KB 418.35 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    The current article contains compilation of significant contributions done by theorists over the years about the phenomenon of perinatal loss. The objective of this paper is to provide information about important emotional and psychological consequences on parents who suffer stillbirth. This article addresses identity issues of the mother, father, and their relationship as a couple. It also provides information on the psychological, emotional, and legal aftermath of healthcare professionals who assist during the process of loss.
    Keywords
    Patient-child; Healthcare professionals; Child death.


  • 2020, December

    original research

    Empathy: Challenges Experienced by Social Workers in the Healthcare Sector on the Island of Crete, GreeceOpen Access

    Trigoni Maria*, Mikits Militsa and Mpanagi Evaggelia
    DOI:
    PDF421.41 KB 421.41 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Introduction
    Empathy in social work is one of the most important factors that can bring change in the patient, by developing a productive relationship. The purpose of this study is to explore empathy in the practice of social work, as it is used by professional social workers.
    Method
    Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 social workers in public health services in Crete. Responses were recorded, and content analysis was used to analyze the data.
    Findings
    There were differences in the way that social workers perceive the concept of empathy, depending on their prior experiences. It was also found that they are more “sensitive” when patients have a common problem with them. Among the difficulties that prevented them from being empathetic was having “a difficult personal period” that affected their work. This study has also identified the importance of professional training for the development of empathy skills, and the key-role of work experience. Moreover, it highlighted the importance of co-operation between the researchers and the social workers for generating efficacious and valuable information.
    Conclusion
    This study emphasizes the importance of empathy as a necessary skill in the relationship between social workers and patients, and the need for in-depth scientific research and analyze on this issue in Greece.
    Keywords
    Difficulties; Obstacles; Empathy; Social worker; Skill; Patient.


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Previous Issue

  • 2020, February

    original research

    Taking It to Heart: Preliminary Investigation on the Cardiovascular Effects of Racial/Ethnic Microaggressions in LatinxOpen Access

    James J. García*, Dylan G. Serpas and Yaritza Torres
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/SBRPOJ-5-120
    PDF393.01 KB 393.01 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Background

    Microaggressions — as a cumulative psychosocial stressor — may be a unique mechanism in the development of cardiovascular diseases, via transient changes in cardiovascular reactivity (CVR), for Latinx.

    Method

    Experimental study with Latinx college students (n=33) randomly assigned to either a microinsult, microinvalidation, or control condition. Independent variables for MANOVA/MANCOVAs were the study conditions and dependent variables were blood pressure (BP) and impedance cardiography (ICG) indicators.

    Results

    At baseline, two one-way MANOVAs showed no differences by condition for BP or ICG indicators. For the manipulation, results indicated no significant differences by condition for BP or ICG indices. During recovery, results demonstrated no significant differences by condition in BP or ICG indicators. Lastly, baseline experiences of microaggressions were not significantly associated with BP and ICG at recovery.

    Conclusion

    The experimental manipulation produced no significant difference in CVR by condition. Inferiority and second-class citizen microaggressions were not significantly associated with CVR at recovery. Findings do not negate the existence or cardiovascular impact of microaggressions; rather, these effects appear to be subtle. Implications for Latinx cardiovascular health are discussed.

    Keywords

    Blood pressure (BP); Impedance cardiography; Cardiovascular reactivity; Latinx; Racial/ethnic microaggressions;

    Cardiovascular health disparities.


  • 2020, February

    book review

    Little Black Book on Love and RelationshipsOpen Access

    C. Suzanne Clark*
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/SBRPOJ-5-121
    PDF219.39 KB 219.39 KB
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  • 2020, March

    case study

    Autobiographical Case Study on Teaching, Learning Language, and CultureOpen Access

    Justin Saldana*
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/SBRPOJ-5-122
    PDF398.72 KB 398.72 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    This autobiographical narrative focuses on my life experiences learning two languages as well as the cultures. It acts as an archive from which I elicit evidence in exploring issues and themes related to learning language and culture, particularly those issues and themes relating to the complex dynamics of context. It explores factors influencing learning language/culture, such as subjective constructions and interpretations of teachers and learners, cultural, social, geographical, political, and local community aspects.

    Keywords

    Learning language; Teaching; Conceptual background; Methodological background; Autobiography.


  • 2020, April

    editorial

    Globalization, Identity and World-minded ValuesOpen Access

    Aghop Der-Karabetian*
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/SBRPOJ-5-e006
    PDF289.73 KB 289.73 KB
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  • 2020, May

    short communication

    What is Criminal Profiling Anno 2020: A Short CommunicationOpen Access

    Charlotte Kappel*
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/SBRPOJ-5-123
    PDF332.59 KB 332.59 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Criminal profiling has been through many different periods during the time the field has existed, but none of which has resulted in a scientific validation of the field and thereby shown how it could be effectively used in the capable hands of law enforcement. Part of the problem is that there is no proper collaboration between law enforcement and the academic world from which the scientific validation could arise. This brief communication will give an overview of the main approaches used today, as well as explain the overall building blocks of a proposed Trinity-approach. The Trinity-approach consists of a geographical profile, which should lay the foundation of any profile. The reason for the geographical profile to be the foundation is that this type of profiling has shown reliable results compared to other types of profiling. The next step should be a profile of the victim and finally followed by the profile of the offender. The profile of the victim, as well as that of offender should come from a database containing extensive scientific studies within the field of criminal profiling. The strength of the Trinity-approach is a build-in scientific foundation, based on scientific studies that have undergone proper scientific review. The hope is to generate interest and debate, and call upon collaboration between law enforcement and academics to develop a scientific basis for the effectiveness of profiling as well as evaluate the reliability and validity of the Trinity-approach.

     

    Keywords

    Trinity-approach; Criminal profiling; Database profiling; Profiling; Geographical profiling; Offender profiling; Victimology.


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