Pediatrics and Neonatal Nursing – Open Journal (PNNOJ)
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Recently Published Articles
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Parenteral Diarrhea and Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections: A Systematic Review
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405.13 KB Full-Text (HTML)
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Early Identification, Assessment and Interventions in Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Review on Autism
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474.87 KB Full-Text (HTML)
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Can Automated Text Messaging Successfully Monitor Antibiotic Adherence for Urban Adolescents and Young Women Managed for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in the Outpatient Setting
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606.00 KB Full-Text (HTML)
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Healthcare Issues in Children with Developmental Disabilities (Autism)
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455.22 KB Full-Text (HTML)
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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Parents Regarding Convulsion in Children Under Five Years in Muea Community, Cameroon
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384.21 KB Full-Text (HTML)
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A Case Report of Congenital Oesophageal Atresia with Tracheo-Oesophageal Fistula and Review of the Literature
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434.76 KB Full-Text (HTML)
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Seventy Cases of Partial Gastric Pull-Up According to the Schärli Technique for Esophageal Replacement in Pediatrics
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Challenges Ahead for Advanced Training Programs in Pediatric Dentistry in the Area of Sedation for Pediatric Dentists and the Commission on Dental Accreditation
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Challenges Facing Pediatric Dentistry Diplomates and the American Board of Pediatric Dentistry: Setting the Bar for Minimal Competency vs. Excellence
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Pediatric and Neonatal Malnutrition: A Collaborative, Family-Centered Approach Improves Outcomes
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Caffeine, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Premature Infants
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Trends of Pediatric Injuries Amongst 5-Year-Olds Presented in the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
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Oral Health for Infants: What Pediatricians and Pediatric NeoNatal Nursing Staff Need to Know
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Do We Know the Optimal Oxygen Concentration for Resuscitating a Premature Newborn?
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The Appropriateness
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The Appropriateness (or lack thereof) of Physical Restraints for Managing Challenging Pediatric Dental Behavior
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Factors and Costs Associated With the Use of Registered Nurse Overtime in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
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Perceived Social Support, Parental Notification, and Parental Engagement after Pelvic Inflammatory Disease among Urban Adolescent and Young Adults
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Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among Adolescents of Islamabad: A Cross Sectional Study
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A Multi-Level Approach to Pre-Briefing and Debriefing in a Pediatric Interdisciplinary Simulation
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Oxygen and Resuscitation: Saturations, Oxidative Stress and Outcomes in Premature Infants
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Stress beyond the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Discharge: Implications to Outcome
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Assessing the Evidence: Student Response System Versus Computer Based Testing for Undertaking Multiple Choice Question Assessment in Undergraduate Nursing Education
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Umbilical Cord Care After the First Day From Birth: A Case Control Study in a Northeastern Italian Hospital
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Estimation of Zinc Levels in Children With Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Prospective Observational Study from India
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The Spectrum of Malignant Solid Childhood Tumors in the Age Group of 0-12 Years
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Enhancing Child Health and Welfare Following Disasters and Public Health Emergencies in Schools and University Health Centers
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Prevention of Dental Caries (Tooth Decay): Should we be Content with Our Progress?
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Pathogenesis and Management of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Premature Infants
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Discretionary Parental Presence in the Dental Operatory: A Survey of Pediatric Dentists and Parents
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The Journal of Pediatrics and Neonatal Nursing: A Forum for Ideas, Innovation, and Illumination
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Reflexion about Pediatrics, Anesthesia and Education in Pediatric Anesthesia in Colombia and South America
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Pediatricians and Pediatric Nurses in the Delivery of Culturally Competent Care: A Scoping Literature Review to Investigate Progress and Issues around Culturally Diverse Care in Pediatrics 2002
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Are We All Talking about the Same Thing? Heterogeneity and Nomenclature in Description of Natural Health Products
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Infantile Hemangioma
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About the Journal
Pediatrics and Neonatal Nursing – Open Journal (PNNOJ) is a peer-reviewed open journal which seeks to serve as a contemporary source for new knowledge, research and current developments in both academic and private practice settings in the field of pediatrics and neonatal nursing.
The journal focuses on all aspects of health care for the neonate through adolescence. Emphasis and direction are given to the ever-changing and challenging patterns of health care, diagnosis, and management of diseases affecting the young children and their general well-being and quality of life.
Openventio has as its primary aim the dissemination of the broadest range of knowledge as both supplement and complement to existing fields of knowledge by virtue of its Open Journal format.
Aims and Scope
Pediatrics and Neonatal Nursing – Open Journal (PNNOJ) is dedicated to the open dissemination of knowledge in the area of pediatrics and its related fields.
PNNOJ covers a wide array of subjects as given below:
- Pediatric neurology
- Pediatric respiratory sciences
- Childhood behavior
- Pediatric epilepsy
- Asthma in infants
- Psychology and psychiatry in adolescents
- Neonatology
- Neonatal and pediatric anesthesiology
- Pediatric cancer biology
- Pediatric pancreatitis
- Low birth weight infants
Submission of manuscripts for this journal from basic levels through complex and more advanced categories of care are considered acceptable and desirable.
The audience of PNNOJ includes pediatricians, neonatologists, neonatal and pediatric nursing practitioners, staff and researchers, pediatric intensive care, all subspecialties of pediatrics, general physicians, pediatric and general dentists, surgeons, private practitioners, health care students, and providers.
The journal welcomes all types of articles such as original research, literature reviews, case reports, position papers, editorials, short communications, book reviews, opinion and commentary, letters to the editor, conference proceedings, technical reports, and illustrations, etc.
We are open to receive comments or any corrections from experts with the express purpose of improving the quality of the journal.
Article in press
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Parenteral Diarrhea and Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections: A Systematic Review
Provisional PDF
405.13 KB Full-Text (HTML)
Abstract [+]
Background
Parenteral diarrhea is non-infectious diarrhea associated with extraintestinal infections such as urinary tract infection (UTI), but evidence supporting this association is limited. We performed a systematic literature review to determine the reported frequency of UTI in pediatric patients who had diarrhea.
Methods
We searched electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and CINAHL) to identify articles about diarrhea and UTI. We included English-language articles about studies of children (age, ≤5-years) who presented with diarrhea in which the frequency of culture positive UTI was reported. We excluded studies that examined particular diets or specific pediatric patient populations presenting with diarrhea. Patient and study characteristics were extracted manually.
Results
The database search identified 32 articles. After excluding 25 articles and adding 3 articles identified during manual review of article references, there were 10 articles in the final review including 8 cohort and 2 case control studies. In all 10 studies combined, UTIs were observed in 172 of 1086 children who presented with diarrhea (15.8%), but the frequency of UTI varied between studies (range, 5 to 32%). Escherichia coli was the most common bacterial isolate from urine in all 9 studies that reported microbiology results. The stool and urine culture results (E. coli) were similar in 4 of the 6 studies that reported stool culture results.
Conclusion
In infants and children up to age 5-years, diarrhea may be associated with an UTI. In patients who have diarrhea of unknown cause, it may be prudent to consider an evaluation for a coexisting UTI.Keywords
Gastroenterology; Genitourinary system; Diarrhea; Bacteriuria; Urinary tract infection (UTI).
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The Effects of Social Media on Adolescent Mental Health
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Abstract [+]
There is increasing concern regarding the impact of social media on adolescent mental health, yet medical providers have limited guidance on how to effectively screen their adolescent patients. Research has suggested a negative association between excessive time on digital media, more than 2-hours per day, and emotional health. Perhaps more importantly, adolescent vulnerabilities, such as existing anxiety or depression, when exposed to certain social media experiences can cause further decline of mental health. The goal of this review is to help providers effectively evaluate social media use in adolescent patients and provide guidance on its use to help preserve or improve their emotional well-being.
Keywords
Mental health; Adolescents; Digital media; Emotional well-being.
Current Issue
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Healthcare Issues in Children with Developmental Disabilities (Autism)
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Abstract [+]
Developmental disabilities (DDs) refer to a group of conditions that influence the early development of children and cause changes in their normal developmental pattern affecting their physical, language and mental abilities or behavior. Children with DDs just like normally developing children have health issues that need to be addressed. This special group of children especially those having autism frequently suffer from associated conditions such as gastrointestinal disorders, eating and feeding challenges, seizures, sleep disturbances, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, and anxiety among others. These health problems affect the health of these children in different ways and extent. Thus, children with DDs need to access healthcare services and receive quality medical care just like their normally developing peers. However, the health needs of children with DDs particularly autism are not being met as required even though this special population are more likely to seek medical care due to their disabilities and associated conditions. Children with autism and other DDs experience disparities in health and healthcare service utilization. Autism is linked to many health conditions such as epilepsy, gastrointestinal problems and other mental disorders. These health problems affect each individual with autism in a unique way negatively affecting his/her existing social interaction and communication impairments. Again, health facilities and medical equipment are not disability-friendly making it difficult for this special group to effectively have access to quality care. In addition, most healthcare providers do not possess adequate knowledge and skills required to make critical decisions regarding this very special group of persons. Furthermore, due to cultural differences certain diagnosis and treatment regarding autism and other developmental disabilities may not be welcomed. The public health sector of all nations has the duty to promote health and prevent diseases for all including persons with disabilities.
Keywords
Developmental disabilities; Children with autism; Health conditions; Disparities in health;
Disparities in healthcare service utilization.
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Can Automated Text Messaging Successfully Monitor Antibiotic Adherence for Urban Adolescents and Young Women Managed for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in the Outpatient Setting
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606.00 KB Full-Text (HTML)
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Abstract [+]
Objective
This study evaluates patient responsiveness to an automated text messaging system for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) self-care support, and measures the reliability of text-reported adherence.
Design
Patients aged 13-25-years with mild to moderate PID were recruited from urban, academic outpatient settings. Enrolled patients received antibiotics and were randomized into a standard of care or intervention group. During a 14-day treatment period, participants in the intervention arm received a community-based nursing visit and daily text message medication reminders with evening prompts to report the number of doses taken.
Result
Of the 97 participants randomized into the intervention arm, 91 (94%) were eligible for analysis. Most were African American and low income, with a mean age of 18.3 (SD=2.2) years. Participants responded to ~53% (SD=34%) of all dosage inquiry messages. Responsiveness attenuated at approximately 2.2% per day over the treatment period. Ninety-three percent (n=85) of the analyzed intervention arm returned for the two-week follow-up. Despite overall adherence and general responsiveness, text-reported and self-reported medication adherence were not well correlated (r=0.37, p<0.001). Conclusion Our findings show that text messaging is a feasible strategy for reaching urban adolescents being managed for complicated sexually transmitted infections in outpatient settings. However, patient responsiveness to self-care text messages do vary, limiting the adherence monitoring capacity of this technology. Given the number of unanswered text messages and incomplete text-reported adherence data, additional measures to assess adolescents’ adherence to PID medications are needed in clinical trials. Keywords Pelvic inflammatory disease; Sexually transmitted infections; Adolescents; Outpatient; Text messaging; Community health nursing.
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Early Identification, Assessment and Interventions in Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Review on Autism
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474.87 KB Full-Text (HTML)
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Abstract [+]
Developmental disabilities are a set of disorders which occur during the child’s developmental stages affecting his or her language, physical and mental abilities or behavior. These include autism and other related disorders which all negatively influence the way the child achieves normal developmental milestones. Nurses are expected to work in collaboration with parents and other health care professionals to monitor each child’s growth and development during each well-child visit or Infant Welfare Clinics (IWC) as well as during illness episodes. Generally, parents’ concerns regarding developmental delays are discussed and the child is followed-up accordingly through developmental screening. A brief test is conducted on the child while the parent/caregiver completes a questionnaire or checklist regarding the child’s developmental history. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that developmental and behavioral screening be conducted for all children during regular IWC or well-child visits at nine, 18 and 30-months. Early diagnosis together with early treatment can make a major difference in a child’s life and also decrease the possibility for costly interventions in future. Several programs have been designed to deal with the variety of social and behavioral difficulties associated with autism, focusing on reducing problem behaviors in children with autism. Once an individual is given a confirmed autism diagnosis by a qualified professional, the parents need to seek further information immediately on how to support their child. Early intervention treatment services have been shown to greatly improve a child’s development. Thus, diagnosing autism early and instituting treatment and support promptly is mandatory for better prognosis.
Keywords
Developmental disabilities; Children with autism; Early assessment, Diagnosis and interventions.
Previous Issue
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Seventy Cases of Partial Gastric Pull-Up According to the Schärli Technique for Esophageal Replacement in Pediatrics
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336.82 KB Full-Text (HTML)
Abstract [+]
Introduction
Esophageal replacement (ER) is indicated in patients with long gap esophageal atresia (LGEA) or failure of the primary anastomosis. Also, severe caustic or peptic strictures, resistant to conservative treatment with medication and dilations, may require an ER. Numerous techniques with different organs and routes have been described, all with satisfactory results.
Objective
Our objective is to describe the experience obtained with partial gastric pull-up according to the Schärli principles (SGPA).
Materials and Methods
Medical records of patients who required a SGPA between October 1995 to June 2018 were reviewed. The analysis was observational, longitudinal, retro-prospective and descriptive. Epidemiological data, surgical aspects and postoperative complications of the patients were considered.
Results
Seventy ER were performed with SGPA. The indication was esophageal atresia (EA) in 58 cases (44 long gap and 14 failure of the anastomosis), 10 caustic strictures, one peptic stricture resistant to conservative treatment and the other due to a retained foreign body. The age of the ER was on average 2-years and 9-months. The route was: posterior mediastinal (35), retrosternal (29) and transpleural (6); without a thoracic approach in 59 patients. The duration of the procedure was 4.7-hours on average. There were 13 cases of intraoperative complications, 8 cases of pneumothorax, 5 bleeding injuries (3 in the spleen, 1 liver and 1 cervical), and one injury to the cervical trachea. Anastomotic dehiscence was observed in 37 patients (52%), which closed spontaneously after an average of 17.8-days in all except one patient. Thirty-one patients (44%) developed anastomotic stenosis, requiring redo anastomosis in 6 cases; 37% developed dumping and 23% gastroesophageal reflux disease. There were 3 deaths (4.2%): all in EA patients with associated malformations, following a morbid postoperative period with infectious complications in intensive care at 10-days, 7 and 8-months after ER. Follow-up was an average of 8-years. All 67 living patients are currently tolerating oral feeding.
Conclusion
In our experience with ER using SGPA, we observed a high incidence of complications, generating a longer post-operative evolution and with greater morbidity than that described in other techniques. Given these results, we changed our strategy to complete gastric transposition, in order to reduce morbidity and improve the evolution of this complex group of patients.
Keywords
Esophageal replacement; Partial gastric pull-up; Esophageal atresia; Caustic stricture.
A Case Report of Congenital Oesophageal Atresia with Tracheo-Oesophageal Fistula and Review of the Literature
PDF 434.76 KB
Full-Text (HTML)
Abstract [+]
Introduction
Congenital oesophageal atresia (COA) refers to a congenitally interrupted oesophagus. It is commonly referred to in the literature as oesophageal atresia (OA) with or without tracheo oesophageal fistula (TOF) but acquired TOF is a different entity.
Case Report
We present a case of OA with TOF which was not suspected antenatally despite the presence of polyhydramnios. The baby presented with respiratory distress and excessive oral secretions at the age of 3-hours following initiation of breastfeeding. Thorascopic repair was performed on the second day of life. The pre-, intra- and post-operative course was smooth with no major challenges. There was no associated anomalies in our case following thorough systemic evaluation including brain ultrasound, abdominal ultrasound, skeletal survey, ophthalmic assessment and echocardiography.
Conclusion
This case demonstrates the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for OA when faced with a combination of respiratory distress and persistent frothy oral secretions in a newborn. The antenatal and postnatal diagnostic approaches are discussed with highlights of associated anomalies and pre-operative assessment and management
Keywords
Congenital oesophageal atresia (COA); Tracheo oesophageal fistula (TOF); Oesophageal atresia (OA); Vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, renal anomalies and limb abnormalities (VACTERL); Choanal atresia, retardation of growth, genital abnormalities,
and ear abnormalities (CHARGE).
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Parents Regarding Convulsion in Children Under Five Years in Muea Community, Cameroon
PDF 384.21 KB
Full-Text (HTML)
Abstract [+]
Background
Convulsion is an event that can emotionally traumatise most parents. Inadequate knowledge regarding convulsion can cause parental anxiety.
Aim
This research sought to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, concerns and practices of parents regarding convulsion in children under five-years.
Methods
The study employed a community based cross-sectional survey design. Purposive, convenient and snowball samplings were used to select the study site and enroll participants to the study. The study was conducted in Muea Community, Buea Health District in Fako Division, South West Region of Cameroon. The study participants were made up of parents of children under 5-years of age and who had witnessed convulsion in a child. Respondents who met the inclusion criteria and gave their consent to participate in the study were selected. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire made up of both open and closed-ended questions. Data was collected on the knowledge, attitudes, concerns and practices of parents regarding convulsions in children. Data collected was entered using a pre-designed EpiData version 3.1 and data from open-ended questions were analysed using systematic process of thematic analysis.
Results
A total of 100 respondents participated in the study. The study revealed that more than half of the respondents 53.7% had good knowledge on convulsion, 61.9% of the respondents had positive attitudes towards convulsion and 51.4% of parents had good practices regarding convulsion. This study also revealed that knowledge of convulsion had an association (p=0.05) with gender and marital status but was not dependent (p>0.05) on age and level of school attained.
Conclusion
The study concluded that even though more than half of the respondents were knowledgeable on convulsion, there is still need for proper parental education as inappropriate attitudes and practices like putting the child’s head in the toilet pit, which can lead to complications are still being practiced.
Keywords
Knowledge; Convulsion; Attitudes; Concerns practices; Children under five; Parents.
