Pathology and Laboratory Medicine - Open Journal (PLMOJ)
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Recently Published Articles
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Histopathologic Patterns of Oral and Maxillofacial Masses in Southwestern Ethiopia: A 5-Year Retrospective Study
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Histopathologic Patterns and Cytohistologic Correlation of Thyroid Lesions among Patients with Thyroid Biopsies in Jimma Medical Centre, South West Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study
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500.62 KB Full-Text (HTML)
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The Efficacy of Open Mastoidectomy Versus Mastoidectomy with Temporalis Fascia Flap Obliteration
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363.76 KB Full-Text (HTML)
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Papillary Microcarcinoma of Thyroid in Resected Benign Multinodular Goiters Shows Correlation with Weight of the Specimen
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587.06 KB Full-Text (HTML)
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Principles and Applications of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Microarray: A Review
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482.51 KB Full-Text (HTML)
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The Prognostic Value of PD-L1 Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Cohort Study and Systematic Literature Review
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The Swan Song of a Pathologist: “Why Do I Love Thee, Pathology? Let Me Count the Ways….”
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Invasive Moderately-Differentiated Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Incidentally Identified in Perforated Acute Diverticulitis With Abscess Formation
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2.31 MB Full-Text (HTML)
About the Journal
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine – Open Journal (PLMOJ) is an online open access journal that serves as a one-stop guide for pathology and laboratory medicine related topics and discussions.
Pathology is the study or examination of a particular disease and its behavior. It mainly caters to interpret the microscopic images of the ligaments or body tissues that cause, process the diseases and developed in the body of an individual. Experts who work in this field are called “Pathologists”.
Laboratory medicine is the field of medicine where specimens of body fluids, tissues, ligaments, etc. examined in clinical laboratories for the study of the treatment, cure, and prevention of the disease.
Openventio is dedicated to act as an open portal for all pathology and laboratory medicine professionals and students across the world.
Aims and Scope
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine – Open Journal aims to act as a medium for promoting better research, improvements, and advancement in the field, for various communities in the field.
PLMOJ covers a wide array of subjects as given below
- Clinical pathology
- Immunophenotypic characteristics of blood
- Endocrine pathology
- Gastrointestinal and liver pathology
- Laboratory investigation
- Laboratory trails on clinical specimen
- Laboratory medicine
- Modern pathology
Openventio aims to encourage documentation among the ever growing medical community to ensure data gets recorded and passed on to aspiring practitioners and researchers in the field.
Submissions for this journal are accepted from all practitioners and students of pathology and laboratory medicine, from experts to novices wanting to explore this area of research.
The audience of PLMOJ includes doctors, nurses, research assistants, local community practitioners, manufacturers, and students of various universities and general communities from different parts of the world.
The journal welcomes all types of articles such as original research, review, case-report, mini-review, editorial, short-communication, book review, opinion, commentary, letter to the editor, conference proceedings, technical report, errata, illustrations, etc.
We are open to receive comments and corrections from experts to improve the quality of our journal.
Current Issue
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Circulating Tumor Cells: Beyond Isolation and Detection
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Abstract [+]
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the precursors to metastases and increased numbers of CTCs in the peripheral circulation have been shown to correlate with decreased progression-free and overall survival. Although the current clinical utility has been focused on the prognostic significance, other clinical applications are being explored, such as determining if a patient is a candidate for treatment, determining the efficacy of treatment, evaluation for resistance to therapy, prediction of metastatic site, or as an early predictor of metastases. Current methodologies are based on quantifying CTCs and include technologies based on physical, immunological, and molecular techniques. However, these have limitations, of which most of them do not have the ability to perform morphological evaluation. Using morphological evaluation, CTCs in body fluids could be used for primary diagnosis in the setting of cancer of unknown primary (CUP) or in initial or early diagnostic scenarios. Additionally, cytological specimens have been shown to be useful for ancillary testing in patients when surgical resection specimens or biopsies are not available. Evaluation of CTCs should incorporate histological, immunehistochemical, and molecular characterization to enable clinicians to obtain the comprehensive diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic information necessary to provide appropriate personalized care to cancer patients.
Keywords
Circulating tumor cell (CTC); Circulating; Tumor cell; Cancer; Isolation; Detection; Metastasis; Prognosis.
Abbreviations
CTC: Circulating tumor cell; RT-PCR: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; MET: Mesenchymal-epithelial transition; TRAIL: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CUP: Cancer of unknown primary; CAP: College of American Pathologists; AMP: Association for Molecular Pathology; ASCO: American Society of Clinical Oncology.
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Principles and Applications of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Microarray: A Review
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Abstract [+]
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) microarrays are collections of DNA probes arranged on a base pair and the latest commercialized molecular diagnostic technologies that offer high throughput results, more sensitive and require less time. It is the most reliable and widely accepted tool facilitating the simultaneous identification of thousands of genetic elements even a single gene. Microarrays are powerful new tools for the investigation of global changes in gene expression profiles in cells and tissues. The different types of DNA microarray or DNA chip devices and systems are described along with their methods of fabrication and their use. The DNA microarrays assembly process is automatized and further miniaturized. DNA microarrays are used in the search of various specific genes or in gene polymorphism and expression analysis. They will be widely used to investigate the expression of various genes connected with various diseases in order to find the causes of these diseases and to enable their accurate treatment. Generally, microarray analysis is not only applied for gene expression studies, but also used in immunology, genotyping, diagnostics and sequence analysis. Additionally, microarray technology being developed and applied to new areas of proteomics, cancer research, and cellular analysis.
Keywords
Application, DNA, Microarray, Principle.
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Papillary Microcarcinoma of Thyroid in Resected Benign Multinodular Goiters Shows Correlation with Weight of the Specimen
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Abstract [+]
Introduction
The thyroid cancer in Pakistan is accountable for 1.2% cases of all cancers. Earlier information from Pakistan showed papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) to comprise 57-89% of all thyroid malignancies As per World Health Organization (WHO), papillary microcarcinoma of thyroid (PMCT) is a small area of malignant transformation measuring up to 1 cm or less being defined by WHO, that is currently being diagnosed more often than the past. Albeit small, they have the capability of metastasizing to regional lymph node and may disappear after metastasis.
Objective
To evaluate the prevalence of PMCT in benign multinodular goiter in thyroidectomy specimens.
Materials
The study was performed in Histopathology Laboratory of Peshawar Medical College, where 32 specimens of multinodular goitre (MNG) patients were received from its affiliated hospitals. The patients’ details were obtained from the hospital records. The specimens were closely examined for the presence of suspicious foci both grossly and microscopically. Results obtained were
recorded and data was analyzed statistically.
Results
All the 32 specimens of the patients were thyroids. The results show a predominance of female patients in surgically resected MNGs with a relatively low incidence of neoplastic transformation. Our study reported two cases of PMCT and both were from different age groups, one was below 25-years and the other was 48-years. Patients mean age was 38.63-years with a SD±12.95-years. The size and weight of the samples varied. The mean of weight was 206.31±304.50 grams, which is due to the reason that many outliers were noted in weight category.
Conclusion
In thyroid excisions the weight of the excised specimen holds much great importance in determination/diagnosis of the disease. The risk of malignancy is higher in MNG compare to solitary nodules. The prevalence of PMCT (6.25%) are higher in smaller nodules is compare to PTC (3.12%). Furthermore, the fact that our both PMCTs occurred in total thyroidectomy specimens cautions us for their prudent assessment both in gross and histopathological levels.
Keywords
Papillary microcarcinoma thyroid; Multinodular goiter; Thyroidectomy.
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The Efficacy of Open Mastoidectomy Versus Mastoidectomy with Temporalis Fascia Flap Obliteration
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Abstract [+]
Objective
To compare the efficacy of open mastoidectomy versus mastoidectomy with temporalis fascia flap obliteration in achieving postoperative dry ear chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a perforated tympanic membrane with persistent drainage of pus from the middle ear lasting more than 2-weeks. The global burden of illness from CSOM is estimated to involve about 65 to 330 million individuals with draining ears, 60% of them suffer from significant hearing impairment. Ninety (90) percent of burden is borne by developing countries, in Southeast Asia, the Western region of Africa. CSOM can occur with or without cholesteatoma, and the clinical history of both conditions can be very similar. The treatment plan for cholesteatoma always includes tympanomastoid surgery with medical treatment as an adjunct. The treatment plan for cholesteatoma always includes tympanomastoid surgery. After mastoidectomy the otologists facing mastoid cavity related problems such as otorrhoea, hearing loss. A variety of techniques have been proposed to perform obliteration.
Methods
Study design
Randomized Controlled Trial.
Setting
Department of ear, nose, and throat (ENT), Head & Neck Surgery, Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Duration of study
From Jan, 2019 to 17 July, 2021.
Sample size
Randomly assigned patients with evidence of atticoantral disease to two groups, 47 in each group. After canal wall down mastoidectomy in Group A cavity left without obliteration, in Group B a superior based vascularized temporalis facial flap was used to obliterate the resultant mastoid cavity and they were followed up to 8-weeks.
Results
As per efficacy of both groups is concerned, in Group A, 34 (36.17%) patients had achieved post-operative dryness on 8th week of mastoidectomy whereas in Group B, 40 (42.55%) patients achieved post-operative dryness of ear on 8th week subject to mastoidectomy with temporalis fascia flap obliteration. (p value=0.130).
Conclusion
Patients who underwent mastoidectomy with temporalis fascia flap obliteration yielded better results in comparison to patients who underwent open mastoidectomy. Further the common organism were found in our region Staph Aureus and Bacteriodes and Proteus mirabilis.
Keywords
Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM); Mastoidectomy; Ear, nose, and throat (ENT).
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Histopathologic Patterns and Cytohistologic Correlation of Thyroid Lesions among Patients with Thyroid Biopsies in Jimma Medical Centre, South West Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study
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Abstract [+]
Introduction
Thyroid diseases are major health problems that are manifested by alteration in hormone secretion, enlargement of the thyroid gland (goitre), or both. Identifying and characterizing lesions of the thyroid gland has a pivotal role since most of the lesions require medical or surgical management. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an important initial screening tool and histopathologic examination is the gold standard in the definitive diagnosis of thyroid disease.
Objectives
To assess histopathologic patterns and cytohistologic correlation of thyroid lesions among patients with thyroid biopsy.
Methods
A five-year retrospective study was conducted with a review of 581 biopsies submitted from thyroidectomy specimens at Jimma University Medical Centre (JUMC), Pathology Department from September 2015 to September 2020. This also includes a review of 286 cases in which fine needle aspiration was done prior to surgery. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Descriptive and analytic studies were done. Cross tabulation, chi square (χ2) test and logistic regression with multivariate analysis were done to look for associations between the study variables.
Results
Majority of thyroid lesions were found to be non-neoplastic and 149 (25.6%) were neoplastic. Colloid goitre was found in 417 (71.8%) cases. Adenoma, carcinoma, and thyroiditis accounted for 54 (9.3%), 95 (16.3%) and 12 (2.1%) cases respectively. Among 286 FNAC results, cyto-histologic correlation was achieved in 233 (86.6%) cases. Sensitivity and specificity of FNAC were 71% and 92.7% respectively, with diagnostic accuracy of 86.6%.
Conclusion
Nodular colloid goitre is by far the most common thyroid lesion and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent histologic type of malignancy. FNAC remains a sensitive, specific and accurate tool in the evaluation and management of thyroid lesions.Keywords
Histopathology; FNAC; Cyto-histologic correlation; Goitre; Thyroid cancer.
