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Volume 3, Issue 2

  • 2016, August

    case report

    Cryptococcal Meningitis in Pregnancy, the Neglected Diagnosis: A Case ReportOpen Access

    Solwayo Ngwenya*
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/GOROJ-3-132
    PDF657.05 KB 657.05 KB
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  • 2016, September

    case series

    A Series of Rare Chronic Histiocytic Intervillositis Cases and its Association With Fetal Growth RestrictionOpen Access

    Sally Sabra, Carlota Rovira Zurriaga, Alicia Saborit and Maria Dolores Gómez Roig*
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/GOROJ-3-133
    PDF1.10 MB 1.10 MB
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  • 2016, September

    mini review

    Female Genital Schistosomiasis: A Neglected Tropical DiseaseOpen Access

    Solwayo Ngwenya*
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/GOROJ-3-134
    PDF1.02 MB 1.02 MB
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  • 2016, October

    case report

    Pelvic Actinomycosis Masquerading as MalignancyOpen Access

    Swadha Kotpalliwar, Kirti Bendre and Aakash Pandita*
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/GOROJ-3-135
    PDF593.57 KB 593.57 KB
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  • 2016, December

    editorial

    Developmental Environmental Exposure Alters the Epigenetic Features of Myometrial Stem CellsOpen Access

    Qiwei Yang* and Ayman Al-Hendy
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/GOROJ-3-e005
    PDF320.07 KB 320.07 KB
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Article in press

  • 2022, January

    original research

    Systemic Lupus Erythematosus as a Risk Factor for Cervical Cancer and its Precursor Conditions: Assessment Using Pap Smear and HistopathologyOpen Access

    Mai A. Gobran*, Soheir El-Ghoneimey, Safaa A. S. Ibrahim and Sabah Mohamedhanafy
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/GOROJ-8-155
    Provisional PDF472.41 KB 472.41 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Background
    Cancer of the cervix is a common cause of malignancy. Its association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is debatable.
    Objective
    Early detection of cervical pre-neoplastic lesion in SLE patients.
    Method
    A case control study was performed on 64 SLE group and 64 control group using a colposcopy, pap smear and histopathological examination.
    Conclusion
    This study revealed that preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the cervix were higher in the SLE group.
    Keywords
    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); Cancer; Cervix; Low grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions; High grade squamous-intraepithelial lesions; Cervical; Intraepithelial neoplasia; Squamous cell carcinoma.
    Abbreviations
    ASCUS: Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; LGSIL: Low grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions; HGSIL: High grade squamous-intra-epithelial lesions; CIN: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; SQCC: Squamous cell carcinoma; SLE: Systemic lupus erythematosus.


NOTE: The DOIs of the In-Press Articles will only function after the final publication of the articles and once they are uploaded to the Current Issues.
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Current Issue

  • 2020, May

    case report

    An Unusual Case of Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy: A Case ReportOpen Access

    Babu Karavadra*, Medha Sule and Christine-Antoinette Portelli
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/GOROJ-7-152
    PDF299.70 KB 299.70 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Malrotation of the gut is rare in adults. We discuss the case of a 30-year-old primiparous woman who presented to the acute gynecology ward at 19-weeks’ gestation with ongoing nausea and vomiting throughout pregnancy. She attended on a number of occasions with the same symptoms and was trialed on a number of different antiemetics. Initial biochemical investigations were unremarkable, however, the patient started to develop signs of ‘abdominal obstruction’. A magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the pelvis showed evidence of duodenal obstruction secondary to malrotation which may be secondary to a fibrous (Ladd’s) band. She was treated laparoscopically via a Ladd procedure and had an uneventful recovery. Interestingly, the patient presented again in her second pregnancy with very similar symptoms and underwent another Ladd procedure, but via a laparotomy. This is an interesting, rare and unusual case of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.

    Keywords

    Ladd bands; Pregnancy; Nausea; Vomiting; Hyperemesis; Volvulus.


  • 2020, June

    original research

    Clinical and Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor in Primiparous Women after Normal Vaginal Delivery with Episiotomy and without EpisiotomyOpen Access

    Nora H. K. Elabady*, Ahmed M. Awara, Amr M. El-Badry and Nareman El-Hamamy
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/GOROJ-7-153
    PDF391.81 KB 391.81 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Objective

    The aim of this prospective study is clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation of the pelvic floor in primiparous women after normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy and without episiotomy.

    Methods

    This is a cross-section study of primiparous women with a history of delivery at Tanta University Hospital from August 2018 to August 2019. The sample power was calculated based on avulsion (major and minor) in two groups (vaginal delivery with episiotomy and without episiotomy) of total forty-primiparous women with an interval after delivery (20 cases after normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy and 20 cases after normal vaginal delivery without episiotomy).

    Results

    Twenty-four hours of delivery there was a highly significant difference between group A (with episiotomy) and group B (without episiotomy) regarding to ultrasound abnormalities, degree of tear, blood loss, hemoglobin concentration and clinical findings, while no difference regarding levator ani weakness. Two months later from delivery there was no significant difference between group A and group B regarding to ultrasound abnormalities and levator ani weakness while there was a difference between the two groups in regarding with clinical findings.

    Conclusion

    Normal vaginal delivery without episiotomy in primiparous women is better than normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy as there is no perineal tenderness, no dyspareunia. Low incidence of urinary, rectal incontinence, tear and perineal infection.

    Keywords

    Clinical and ultrasonography; Primiparous; Normal vaginal delivery; Episiotomy.


  • 2020, October

    retrospective research

    Cesarean Section Rate at Lumbini Zonal Hospital, Nepal: An Analysis Using the Robson Ten Group Classification SystemOpen Access

    Bishnu Gautam*, Shree D. Acharya, Vishnu Prasad Sapkota, Raut B. Batsal, Laxmi Bhattarai, Maria Jose and Kiran Paudel
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/GOROJ-7-154
    PDF363.56 KB 363.56 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Background
    Caesarean section (CS) rates have increased globally. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of the Ten-Group Robson classification as the global standard for assessing appropriateness of CS. Nepal has higher-than-global average rates of CS requiring further investigation into appropriateness.
    Aim
    This study aims to investigate the caesarean section rates at tertiary care center in Nepal and make analysis based on the group-10 classification.
    Methods
    A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out from 2016 April -2017 March in Lumbini Zonal Hospital, Butwal, Rupendehi, Nepal. 3,817 women who birth over a 12-month period were analyzed using this classification. The caesarean rate, its indications were calculated and categorized into groups according to Robson’s 10-group classification.
    Results
    Women with previous CS (Group 5) comprise the largest proportion (9.4%) of the overall 26.41% CS rate. The second largest contributor was a singleton nulliparous woman with cephalic presentation at term (6.6% of total 26.41%). Caesarean section rates in single breech pregnancies were very high (>65%). Robson’s Group 5 was the highest contributors to overall CS rate contributing 35% of all C-sections, followed by Group 2 (24%), and Group 1 (13%).
    Conclusion
    The ten-group classification helped to identify the main groups of the subjects who contribute the most to the overall caesarean section rate. This study results suggest that women with previous CS are at risk for having another CS delivery in subsequent pregnancies and therefore there is an urgent need for a dedicated vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC) clinic to support this such women to ensure CS are only done when indicated. Furthermore, reducing the CS rate for nulliparous i.e. Group 1 and 2 would, in the long-term, also reduce the size of Group 5 in the future.
    Keywords
    Cesarean rate; Caesarean section; Robson’s group classification.


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Previous Issue

  • 2019, January

    original research

    Prevalence of Anaemia among Pregnant Women Attending 82 Division Nigerian Army Hospitals, EnuguOpen Access

    Chukwunonso Collins Ejiofor*, Rosemary Ujunwa Ozokono and Joshua Izuchukwu Ugwu
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/GOROJ-6-148
    PDF361.78 KB 361.78 KB
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  • 2019, June

    brief research report

    Compliance with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) does not Prevent Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)- Related Cancers in Women Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)Open Access

    Katherine Rogg and William R. Robinson*
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/GOROJ-6-149
    PDF358.08 KB 358.08 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Introduction
    Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in people with human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), due to behavioral choices and overlapping risk factors.

    Aim
    The purpose of this report is to determine the long-term incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated cancer in women with pre-invasive cervical neoplasia, and compliance with medication and cancer screening recommendations.

    Methods
    HIV-infected women diagnosed with pre-invasive cervical neoplasia and an HPV-associated malignancy between 1995-2008 were identified. Data collected includes: demographics, HIV treatment/response, malignancy treatment/response, other healthcare utilization, use of health navigators, and compliance.

    Results
    Seventy-one subjects were identified with HIV infection, cervical dysplasia, and at least ten years’ follow-up. 17/71 (24%) were identified with an HPV-related malignancy. The mean age of those diagnosed with HPV-related malignancy was 39-years. Malignancies included: Cervix-9, Vulva-7, Anal-4, Vagina-3, Uretha/Bladder-2, Oropharyngeal-3. Eight also had in-situ neoplasms: Cervix-4, Vulva-3, Oropharyngeal-1. Four subjects had 3 separate malignancies, and two others had 2 malignancies. Compliance with HAART correlated strongly with immunocompetence, response to therapy, use of patient navigators, and survival. Sixty out of saventy one (84.5%) subjects underwent screening mammography, 57/71 (80.3%) underwent colonoscopy, and 67/71 (94.3%) underwent pap smear testing. Compliance with screening compared favorably with the general population, and overall survival was similar.

    Discussion and Conclusion
    The long-term incidence and mortality from cancer in women with HIV and cervical dysplasia appears to be comparable to that seen in the general population, with the possible exception of oropharyngeal cancers. Compliance with cancer screening recommendations appears to be higher than in the general population. This suggests that structured primary care programs for HIV-infected women are effective in prevention/early diagnosis of cancer. Standardized screening programs for oropharyngeal cancers should be considered in this population.

    Keywords
    Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); Cancer; Human papilloma virus(HPV); Women; AIDS;
    Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART).


  • 2019, October

    original research

    A Study to Explore the Impact of Endometriosis in the United Kingdom: A Qualitative Content AnalysisOpen Access

    Babu Karavadra*, Paul Simpson, Edward Prosser-Snelling, Edward Mullins, Andrea Stöckl and Edward Morris
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/GOROJ-6-150
    PDF523.66 KB 523.66 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Objective

    To gain insight into the areas that impact women with endometriosis.

    Design

    A qualitative content analysis of an online survey.

    Setting

    Online questionnaire via Endometriosis UK.

    Population

    Women diagnosed with endometriosis of any age range.

    Methods

    Free-text online questionnaire through Endometriosis UK completed by women. Results were analysed using NVivo version 9, qualitative analysis software. The software creates links between common words (codes), and these links allow data to be placed in nodes (called themes) which are then developed into categories. Content analysis was used to understand this data.

    Main outcome measures

    Impact of endometriosis on women’s lives.

    Results

    In total, 1872 questionnaires were returned but not everyone was able to identify ten separate features that affected them. As such, 1872 women provided at least one area that affected them, 1800 provided two areas, 1770 provided three areas and 1600 provided four areas. The results show that the main areas of concern for these women were pain (53%), heavy menstrual bleeding (11%), low mood (8%) and the perceived lack of understanding displayed by other people (7%). Other important factors were fertility concerns, impact on employment, problems with the medical team and uncertainty. These then impacted on their daily life whereby some women felt “guilty” for not ‘being a normal mother’. A key term that resonated was that endometriosis is an “invisible disease”.

    Conclusion

    This analysis provides us with insight into the complex psycho-social factors that interact with bio-physical symptoms. Further research is required in sub-population groups such as teenagers and ethnic minority women to explore any differences in impact and how care can be guided accordingly.

    Keywords

    Endometriosis; Impact; Qualitative methods; Quantitative methods; Online survey.


  • 2019, November

    original research

    Robot Assisted Comprehensive Surgical Staging for Endometrial Cancer: A Validation StudyOpen Access

    Nitin A. Wadhwa*, Dennis Mauricio, Isabel Eisner, Ruchi K. Wadhwa and Pankaj Singhal
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17140/GOROJ-6-151
    PDF322.54 KB 322.54 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Objective

    The study sought to evaluate the historical surgical-pathological trends in Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) 33 in a cohort of patients who underwent robot-assisted staging of uterine carcinomas.

    Materials and Methods

    This is a retrospective study from June 2016 through December 2018 at Catholic Health Services Hospitals in Long Island (CHSLI), NY, USA. All patients underwent robotic surgical staging with hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. Fifty patients were included, and patients were separated into cohorts with endometrioid or non-endometrioid histology for analysis. Patients were staged using the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2009 classification.

    Results

    For all patients undergoing surgical staging, the rate of pelvic and para-aortic nodal metastases occurred at 10% and 8%, respectively. Sixty percent of the grade 1 endometrioid tumors had less than 50% myometrial invasion. No patients had positive paraaortic lymph nodes in the absence of pelvic node involvement. High-risk histologies were associated with nodal disease thirteen percent of the time. A correlation between increasing depth of invasion and positive lymph nodes was demonstrated. Increasing grade of tumors was correlated with the frequency of nodal metastasis. Intraperitoneal spread was highly correlated to metastatic lymph nodes. Deep invasion was positively correlated with nodal disease.

    Conclusion

    The results of this study validate the trends previously known from GOG 33 in a population undergoing robot-assisted surgical staging for uterine carcinomas.

    Keywords

    Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) 33; Robotic; Surgery; Uterine cancer; Lymph nodes; Trends.


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    Editor-in-Chief

    Ghassan M. Saed, PhD


    Associate Professor
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    Wayne State University School of Medicine
    540 E Canfield St
    Detroit, MI 48201, USA

    Associate Editors

    Steven R. Lindheim, MD, MMM


    Professor
    Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
    Boonshoft School of Medicine
    Wright State University
    3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy
    Dayton, OH 45435, USA


    E-mail: Steven.Lindheim@wright.edu

    Chi Chiu Wang, MD, PhD


    Professor
    Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    The Chinese University of Hong Kong
    Tai Po Road, Sha Tin
    New Territories, Hong Kong

    Parveen Parasar, DVM, PhD


    Associate Professor
    Boston Center for Endometriosis
    Brigham and Women’s Hospital
    Harvard Medical School
    Boston, MA 02115, USA


    E-mail: suprovet@gmail.com

    Our editorial team


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