Gynecology and Obstetrics Research – Open Journal (GOROJ)
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Recently Published Articles
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Association of Gestational Hypertension and Eclampsia to Maternal Smoking by Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index Status Among Aged 20-29-Years in the United States
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432.18 KB Full-Text (HTML)
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus as a Risk Factor for Cervical Cancer and its Precursor Conditions: Assessment Using Pap Smear and Histopathology
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472.41 KB Full-Text (HTML)
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Cesarean Section Rate at Lumbini Zonal Hospital, Nepal: An Analysis Using the Robson Ten Group Classification System
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363.56 KB Full-Text (HTML)
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Clinical and Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor in Primiparous Women after Normal Vaginal Delivery with Episiotomy and without Episiotomy
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391.81 KB Full-Text (HTML)
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Robot Assisted Comprehensive Surgical Staging for Endometrial Cancer: A Validation Study
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322.54 KB Full-Text (HTML)
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A Study to Explore the Impact of Endometriosis in the United Kingdom: A Qualitative Content Analysis
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523.66 KB Full-Text (HTML)
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Compliance with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) does not Prevent Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)- Related Cancers in Women Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
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358.08 KB Full-Text (HTML)
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Prevalence of Anaemia among Pregnant Women Attending 82 Division Nigerian Army Hospitals, Enugu
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361.78 KB Full-Text (HTML)
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Hyperuricemia as a Predictor of Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
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363.47 KB Full-Text (HTML)
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Doppler Indices of Uterine, Umbilical and Fetal Middle Cerebral Arteries Before and After Sildenafil Citrate and Transdermal Nitroglycerin in Cases Suffering from Intrauterine Growth Restriction
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Assessment of Maternal Nifedipine as a Tocolytic Agent on the Doppler Indices of Uterine and Fetal Umbilical and Middle Cerebral Arteries
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Tumor Conditioning Regimens: An Evolution in Cancer Treatment that Relies on Short-Term Sacrifice for Long-Term Gain
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Outcome of Stepwise Uterine Sparing Approach as a Conservative Surgical Management of Placenta Accreta
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Competing Endoscopic Surgeries in the Era of Assisted Reproductive Technologies: Evidence and Practice
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The Effect of the Introduction of Emergency Obstetric Drills on Maternal Mortality Trends in a Low-Resource Setting: A 5-Year Review at Mpilo Central Hospital, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
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A Novel Contributor to Endometrial Receptivity: Endometrial Microbiota
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Post-Operative Outcomes of Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose Use in Women Undergoing Cesarean Delivery
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Developmental Environmental Exposure Alters the Epigenetic Features of Myometrial Stem Cells
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A Series of Rare Chronic Histiocytic Intervillositis Cases and its Association With Fetal Growth Restriction
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Cryptococcal Meningitis in Pregnancy, the Neglected Diagnosis: A Case Report
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High-Throughput Next Generation Sequencing: Applications in Reproductive Diagnosis and Research
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Different Uses of Chitosan for Treating Serious Obstetric Hemorrhages
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Optimized Letrozole Dose Versus Traditional Use of Clomiphene Citrate for Ovulation Induction in Patients With PCOS: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
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Developmental Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Alters the Epigenome: Identification of Reprogrammed Targets
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Changing the Algorithm in the Evaluation of Pelvic Anatomy in the Infertile Patient: Is Hysterosalpingo Contrast Sonography With Saline-Air Device the Appropriate Test for Everyone?
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Potential Co-Factor Role of Tobacco Specific Nitrosamine Exposures in the Pathogenesis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
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Use of the Partogram in the Bamenda Health District, North-West Region, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Ovarian Cystectomy for Huge Mature Cystic Teratoma Developed in Less than Five Years: A Case Report
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Pregnancy in Takayasu Arteritis Patients Exposed to Anti-Tumour Necrosis Factor (Anti-TNF)-α Therapy
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Interactions of Immunomodulatory HLA-G with Immune Cells during Pregnancy and Endometriosis
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Heterotopic Pregnancy
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Case Report of Unusual Stromal Luteinization in High-Grade Papillary Serous Carcinoma of the Ovary
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Heterotopic Pregnancy: A Case Report of Retrospective Diagnosis Following Surgical Treatment
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Human Placentas and the Changing Face of Reproductive Toxicology Testing
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Bilateral Massive Hematoma of Bartholin Glands after Prolonged Labour: A Case Report
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Analyzing Pregnancy Costs with Finite Mixture Models: An Opportunity to More Adequately Accommodate the Presence of Patient Data Heterogeneity
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Outcomes and Accuracy of 2D Gray-Scale Ultrasound Scan in Prenatal Diagnosis of Morbid Adherent Placenta
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Endometriosis Research: Need for a Stem-Cell Based Experimental Model
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Association of Pseudo-Meigs’ Syndrome with Struma Ovarii and High CA125 Mimicking Ovarian Malignancy
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The Three Delays of Maternal Mortality in a Public-Sector Tertiary Teaching Hospital: Is There a Paradigm Shift?
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Metastatic Cervical Carcinoma with High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Positive and P16/ Ki-67 Positive in a 28 Year-Old Female That Did Not Meet the Current Screening Guidelines
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Elevation of Alpha-Fetoprotein in Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor: A Case Report
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A Randomized Clinical Trial Study of the Effects of Varicocelectomy on Sperm Clinical Analysis and DNA Fragmentation: A Preliminary Data
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Abdominal and Pelvic Adhesions Research in Sub-Saharan Africa: Air Must Become Wind
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The Use of Localised Vaginal Drug Delivery as Part of a Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Strategy in the Treatment of Cervical Cancer
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The Identification of Pregnant Women at Risk for Child Abuse: Methodology
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The Road to Fatherhood Using Assisted Reproductive Technology: Decision Making Processes and Experiences Among Gay Male Intended Parents and Gestational Surrogates
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A Case Report of Solitary Adrenal Metastasis from Early Stage Endometrial Carcinoma
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About the Journal
The word “Gynecology” is originated from the Greek ancient “Gyne”, modern Greek “Gynaika” meaning Woman and “Logia” meaning study.
Due to the increase in reproductive problems in women, the need for advanced techniques and therapeutics has been also increased, which ultimately grew the demand for research and development in the field of gynecology.
The major risk factors of being prone to such problem include age, obesity, stress, hypertension, family history, HIV/AIDS, etc.
However, Openventio aims to widespread all the detailed matters through its Open Journal to all the scientific community for its welfare and control.
Aims and Scope
Gynecology and Obstetrics Research – Open Journal (GOROJ) is dedicated to the open dissemination and robust discussion in the area of women’s health such as gynecology and obstetrics research, education, clinical medicine, epidemiological studies, treatment, and critical care.
GOROJ covers a wide array of subjects as given below
- Diabetes in pregnancy
- Pain management in obstetrics
- Placenta research
- Obesity in pregnancy
- Reproductive disorders
- Women’s Health
- Female infertility
- Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy
- Ovarian Cancer
- Menstrual disorders
- Smoking and alcohol consumption during
pregnancy - Psychological aspects of gynecologic surgery
Submissions for this Journal are accepted from the very basic research to the novel advancements in Gynecology.
The audience of GOROJ includes gynecologists, obstetricians, pharmacologists, clinicians, researchers, physicians, surgeons, practitioners, educators, nurse, and students.
The journal welcomes a variety of article type such as original research, review, case-report, mini-review, editorial, short-communication, book-review, opinion, commentary, letter to the Editor, conference proceedings, technical report, errata, illustrations, etc.
We are open to receive comments or any corrections from any potential scientists to improve the quality of our Journal.
Article in press
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus as a Risk Factor for Cervical Cancer and its Precursor Conditions: Assessment Using Pap Smear and Histopathology
Provisional PDF
472.41 KB Full-Text (HTML)
Abstract [+]
Background
Cancer of the cervix is a common cause of malignancy. Its association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is debatable.
Objective
Early detection of cervical pre-neoplastic lesion in SLE patients.
Method
A case control study was performed on 64 SLE group and 64 control group using a colposcopy, pap smear and histopathological examination.
Conclusion
This study revealed that preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the cervix were higher in the SLE group.
Keywords
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); Cancer; Cervix; Low grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions; High grade squamous-intraepithelial lesions; Cervical; Intraepithelial neoplasia; Squamous cell carcinoma.
Abbreviations
ASCUS: Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; LGSIL: Low grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions; HGSIL: High grade squamous-intra-epithelial lesions; CIN: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; SQCC: Squamous cell carcinoma; SLE: Systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Association of Gestational Hypertension and Eclampsia to Maternal Smoking by Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index Status Among Aged 20-29-Years in the United States
Provisional PDF
432.18 KB Full-Text (HTML)
Abstract [+]
Objective
To investigate whether gestational hypertension (GH) and/or eclampsia was associated with the timing of maternal smoking when stratified by pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) status.
Study Design and Methods
1,376,271 US-born mothers aged 20-29 from the 2019 infant natality data who had a singleton birth (20+ weeks of gestation) were analyzed in this study. Maternal smoking status was defined into five groups, i.e., non-smokers, quitted smoking before pregnancy, quitted smoking before the 2nd trimester, quitted smoking before the 3rd trimester, and smoked whole-time. Odds ratios (ORs) of GH or eclampsia were estimated separately using multiple logistic regression for maternal smoking by pBMI status (kg/m2): underweight (<18.5), normal (18.5≤25.0), overweight (25.0≤30.0), and obese (≥30.0). Results
Compared to non-smokers, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of GH for mothers who quit before pregnancy with pBMI underweight, normal, overweight, and obese were 1.17 (0.92-1.49), 1.11 (1.03-1.19), 1.13 (1.05-1.22), 1.13 (1.08-1.19), respectively. While the ORs (95% CIs) of GH for mothers who smoked for the entirety of their pregnancy were 0.71 (0.60-0.84), 0.80 (0.75-0.84), 0.79 (0.74-0.84), and 0.82 (0.78-0.85), respectively. The adjusted ORs for eclampsia showed a different pattern, only that for mothers who smoked for their whole pregnancy with normal and obese showed significantly (0.69 (0.53-0.91) for normal weight, 0.73 (0.58-0.92) for obese).
Conclusion
In comparison to non-smokers, an increase in the odds of GH were observed amongst normal, overweight, and obese mothers quitting before pregnancy meanwhile a decreased odds were observed amongst mothers smoking throughout pregnancy in all pBMI classes.Keywords
Maternal smoking; Gestational hypertension; Eclampsia; BMI.
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Pitfalls of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare of Women in India
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299.55 KB Full-Text (HTML)
Current Issue
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An Unusual Case of Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy: A Case Report
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Abstract [+]
Malrotation of the gut is rare in adults. We discuss the case of a 30-year-old primiparous woman who presented to the acute gynecology ward at 19-weeks’ gestation with ongoing nausea and vomiting throughout pregnancy. She attended on a number of occasions with the same symptoms and was trialed on a number of different antiemetics. Initial biochemical investigations were unremarkable, however, the patient started to develop signs of ‘abdominal obstruction’. A magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the pelvis showed evidence of duodenal obstruction secondary to malrotation which may be secondary to a fibrous (Ladd’s) band. She was treated laparoscopically via a Ladd procedure and had an uneventful recovery. Interestingly, the patient presented again in her second pregnancy with very similar symptoms and underwent another Ladd procedure, but via a laparotomy. This is an interesting, rare and unusual case of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.
Keywords
Ladd bands; Pregnancy; Nausea; Vomiting; Hyperemesis; Volvulus.
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Clinical and Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor in Primiparous Women after Normal Vaginal Delivery with Episiotomy and without Episiotomy
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391.81 KB Full-Text (HTML)
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Abstract [+]
Objective
The aim of this prospective study is clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation of the pelvic floor in primiparous women after normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy and without episiotomy.
Methods
This is a cross-section study of primiparous women with a history of delivery at Tanta University Hospital from August 2018 to August 2019. The sample power was calculated based on avulsion (major and minor) in two groups (vaginal delivery with episiotomy and without episiotomy) of total forty-primiparous women with an interval after delivery (20 cases after normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy and 20 cases after normal vaginal delivery without episiotomy).
Results
Twenty-four hours of delivery there was a highly significant difference between group A (with episiotomy) and group B (without episiotomy) regarding to ultrasound abnormalities, degree of tear, blood loss, hemoglobin concentration and clinical findings, while no difference regarding levator ani weakness. Two months later from delivery there was no significant difference between group A and group B regarding to ultrasound abnormalities and levator ani weakness while there was a difference between the two groups in regarding with clinical findings.
Conclusion
Normal vaginal delivery without episiotomy in primiparous women is better than normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy as there is no perineal tenderness, no dyspareunia. Low incidence of urinary, rectal incontinence, tear and perineal infection.
Keywords
Clinical and ultrasonography; Primiparous; Normal vaginal delivery; Episiotomy.
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Cesarean Section Rate at Lumbini Zonal Hospital, Nepal: An Analysis Using the Robson Ten Group Classification System
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Abstract [+]
Background
Caesarean section (CS) rates have increased globally. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of the Ten-Group Robson classification as the global standard for assessing appropriateness of CS. Nepal has higher-than-global average rates of CS requiring further investigation into appropriateness.
Aim
This study aims to investigate the caesarean section rates at tertiary care center in Nepal and make analysis based on the group-10 classification.
Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out from 2016 April -2017 March in Lumbini Zonal Hospital, Butwal, Rupendehi, Nepal. 3,817 women who birth over a 12-month period were analyzed using this classification. The caesarean rate, its indications were calculated and categorized into groups according to Robson’s 10-group classification.
Results
Women with previous CS (Group 5) comprise the largest proportion (9.4%) of the overall 26.41% CS rate. The second largest contributor was a singleton nulliparous woman with cephalic presentation at term (6.6% of total 26.41%). Caesarean section rates in single breech pregnancies were very high (>65%). Robson’s Group 5 was the highest contributors to overall CS rate contributing 35% of all C-sections, followed by Group 2 (24%), and Group 1 (13%).
Conclusion
The ten-group classification helped to identify the main groups of the subjects who contribute the most to the overall caesarean section rate. This study results suggest that women with previous CS are at risk for having another CS delivery in subsequent pregnancies and therefore there is an urgent need for a dedicated vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC) clinic to support this such women to ensure CS are only done when indicated. Furthermore, reducing the CS rate for nulliparous i.e. Group 1 and 2 would, in the long-term, also reduce the size of Group 5 in the future.
Keywords
Cesarean rate; Caesarean section; Robson’s group classification.
Previous Issue
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Prevalence of Anaemia among Pregnant Women Attending 82 Division Nigerian Army Hospitals, Enugu
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361.78 KB Full-Text (HTML)
Compliance with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) does not Prevent Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)- Related Cancers in Women Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
PDF 358.08 KB
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Abstract [+]
Introduction
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in people with human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), due to behavioral choices and overlapping risk factors.
Aim
The purpose of this report is to determine the long-term incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated cancer in women with pre-invasive cervical neoplasia, and compliance with medication and cancer screening recommendations.
Methods
HIV-infected women diagnosed with pre-invasive cervical neoplasia and an HPV-associated malignancy between 1995-2008 were identified. Data collected includes: demographics, HIV treatment/response, malignancy treatment/response, other healthcare utilization, use of health navigators, and compliance.
Results
Seventy-one subjects were identified with HIV infection, cervical dysplasia, and at least ten years’ follow-up. 17/71 (24%) were identified with an HPV-related malignancy. The mean age of those diagnosed with HPV-related malignancy was 39-years. Malignancies included: Cervix-9, Vulva-7, Anal-4, Vagina-3, Uretha/Bladder-2, Oropharyngeal-3. Eight also had in-situ neoplasms: Cervix-4, Vulva-3, Oropharyngeal-1. Four subjects had 3 separate malignancies, and two others had 2 malignancies. Compliance with HAART correlated strongly with immunocompetence, response to therapy, use of patient navigators, and survival. Sixty out of saventy one (84.5%) subjects underwent screening mammography, 57/71 (80.3%) underwent colonoscopy, and 67/71 (94.3%) underwent pap smear testing. Compliance with screening compared favorably with the general population, and overall survival was similar.
Discussion and Conclusion
The long-term incidence and mortality from cancer in women with HIV and cervical dysplasia appears to be comparable to that seen in the general population, with the possible exception of oropharyngeal cancers. Compliance with cancer screening recommendations appears to be higher than in the general population. This suggests that structured primary care programs for HIV-infected women are effective in prevention/early diagnosis of cancer. Standardized screening programs for oropharyngeal cancers should be considered in this population.
Keywords
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); Cancer; Human papilloma virus(HPV); Women; AIDS;
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART).
A Study to Explore the Impact of Endometriosis in the United Kingdom: A Qualitative Content Analysis
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Abstract [+]
Objective
To gain insight into the areas that impact women with endometriosis.
Design
A qualitative content analysis of an online survey.
Setting
Online questionnaire via Endometriosis UK.
Population
Women diagnosed with endometriosis of any age range.
Methods
Free-text online questionnaire through Endometriosis UK completed by women. Results were analysed using NVivo version 9, qualitative analysis software. The software creates links between common words (codes), and these links allow data to be placed in nodes (called themes) which are then developed into categories. Content analysis was used to understand this data.
Main outcome measures
Impact of endometriosis on women’s lives.
Results
In total, 1872 questionnaires were returned but not everyone was able to identify ten separate features that affected them. As such, 1872 women provided at least one area that affected them, 1800 provided two areas, 1770 provided three areas and 1600 provided four areas. The results show that the main areas of concern for these women were pain (53%), heavy menstrual bleeding (11%), low mood (8%) and the perceived lack of understanding displayed by other people (7%). Other important factors were fertility concerns, impact on employment, problems with the medical team and uncertainty. These then impacted on their daily life whereby some women felt “guilty” for not ‘being a normal mother’. A key term that resonated was that endometriosis is an “invisible disease”.
Conclusion
This analysis provides us with insight into the complex psycho-social factors that interact with bio-physical symptoms. Further research is required in sub-population groups such as teenagers and ethnic minority women to explore any differences in impact and how care can be guided accordingly.
Keywords
Endometriosis; Impact; Qualitative methods; Quantitative methods; Online survey.
Robot Assisted Comprehensive Surgical Staging for Endometrial Cancer: A Validation Study
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Abstract [+]
Objective
The study sought to evaluate the historical surgical-pathological trends in Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) 33 in a cohort of patients who underwent robot-assisted staging of uterine carcinomas.
Materials and Methods
This is a retrospective study from June 2016 through December 2018 at Catholic Health Services Hospitals in Long Island (CHSLI), NY, USA. All patients underwent robotic surgical staging with hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. Fifty patients were included, and patients were separated into cohorts with endometrioid or non-endometrioid histology for analysis. Patients were staged using the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2009 classification.
Results
For all patients undergoing surgical staging, the rate of pelvic and para-aortic nodal metastases occurred at 10% and 8%, respectively. Sixty percent of the grade 1 endometrioid tumors had less than 50% myometrial invasion. No patients had positive paraaortic lymph nodes in the absence of pelvic node involvement. High-risk histologies were associated with nodal disease thirteen percent of the time. A correlation between increasing depth of invasion and positive lymph nodes was demonstrated. Increasing grade of tumors was correlated with the frequency of nodal metastasis. Intraperitoneal spread was highly correlated to metastatic lymph nodes. Deep invasion was positively correlated with nodal disease.
Conclusion
The results of this study validate the trends previously known from GOG 33 in a population undergoing robot-assisted surgical staging for uterine carcinomas.
Keywords
Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) 33; Robotic; Surgery; Uterine cancer; Lymph nodes; Trends.
