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Volume 7

October, 2021

Volume 7, Issue 1

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Volume 6

December, 2020

Volume 6, Issue 1

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Volume 5

December, 2019

Volume 5, Issue 1

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Volume 4

December, 2018

Volume 4, Issue 1

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Volume 3

December, 2017

Volume 3, Issue 2

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April, 2017

Volume 3, Issue 1

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Volume 2

May, 2016

Volume 2, Issue 1

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October, 2016

Volume 2, Issue 2

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Volume 1

December, 2014

Volume 1, Issue 1

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February, 2016

Volume 1, Issue 4

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October, 2015

Volume 1, Issue 3

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June, 2015

Volume 1, Issue 2

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Article in press

  • 2022, January

    systematic review

    The Prevalence of Pathologic Q Waves on Electrocardiograms of Pediatric Patients with Confirmed Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review of the LiteratureOpen Access

    Larry B. Mellick*, Kanya Singhapakdi, Clista Clanton and Ronnie Waldrop
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/EMOJ-8-163
    Provisional PDF443.76 KB 443.76 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Objectives
    The electrocardiogram (ECG) of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) ranges from normal to exhibiting evidence of ventricular hypertrophy, including pathologic Q waves and ST-T wave changes. Deep Q waves in the inferior and lateral leads are one of the classic ECG findings associated with HCM. The prevalence or frequency of this finding in pediatric HCM patients, however, is not well-established. Furthermore, other pediatric health conditions have also been associated with pathologic and non-pathologic Q waves and an awareness of those conditions is important to consider when Q waves are observed. The primary goal of this systematic review of the literature is to describe the prevalence of pathologic Q waves in the ECGs of pediatric patients with echocardiogram proven HCM. A secondary goal is to review other pediatric conditions that can present with pathologic and non-pathologic Q waves.
    Methods
    The databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and cumulative index to nursing and allied health literature (CINAHL) were searched utilizing the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) format. The Rayyan systemic review software was used to screen articles for final review. The initial search (Search 1) consisted of the following terms: “dagger Q wave”, “dagger-like Q waves”, “dagger shape Q waves”. Subsequently, a broader search (Search 2) was conducted to determine if viable articles were omitted in the first search. This broader search strategy eliminated the term “HCM”. The authors then performed detailed review of the articles these two searches yielded, as well as a review of the references of these articles to find other relevant articles as well as produce a list of other pediatric conditions that may be associated with pathologic or non-pathologic Q waves.
    Results
    Of the articles found via the three searches, a total of nine English language articles that specifically addressed the prevalence of pathological Q waves in pediatric HCM patients were ultimately included in our systematic review. These nine articles described a total of 845 pediatric patients with HCM. Of these, 258 (30.5%) demonstrated pathological Q waves on their electrocardiograms. The range of percentages reported for pathological Q waves was 12.5 to 66.7%. Additionally, our review found fifteen different pediatric conditions reported to be associated with pathologic or non-pathologic Q waves.
    Conclusion
    Our systematic review confirmed that pathologic Q waves are a common and early electrocardiographic finding in children with HCM and may, in fact, be the only ECG finding. In addition, our review provided an extensive list of other pediatric diseases and conditions associated with pathologic or non-pathologic Q waves on the electrocardiogram.
    Keywords
    Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Q wave; Pathologic Q wave; Sudden cardiac death; Pediatric.


  • 2022, February

    original research

    The Effect of Complexity of Ambulance Missions on Shared Mental Models in Virtual TeamsOpen Access

    Bjørn H. Johnsen*, Guttorm Brattebø, Roar Espevik, Sigurd W. Hystad, Øyvind Østerås, Live Vatsøy and Jarle Eid
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/EMOJ-8-164
    Provisional PDF442.61 KB 442.61 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Background
    Empirical research on shared mental models (SMM) in virtual environments are almost non-existent. Pre-hospital emergencies presents an opportunity to examine team processes in virtual teams because the dispatcher is geographically separated from the ambulance and at the same time plays a significant role in coordinating, organizing, obtaining, evaluating, and conveying relevant information to the deployed ambulance. The present study aimed at mapping team behavior and cognition in critical real-life emergency medical missions based on the concept of SMM.
    Methods
    By investigating the frequencies of coordinating mechanisms and team competencies based on voice recordings from real-life missions, differences in team behavior between low and high-complexity missions were investigated.
    Results
    Lower frequencies of team competencies and coordinating mechanisms were found in high compared to low-complexity missions. The results showed a different profile in communication between high and low-complexity missions with more frequent use of both coordinating mechanisms and team competencies in low-complexity missions. Furthermore, the profiles revealed that SMM and closed loop communication were the only coordinating mechanism used, and leadership and team orientation were the only competencies exercised.
    Conclusion
    It was concluded that the lack of visual input of a team member during team interaction could lead to team process loss due to a breakdown of the team into sub-units. Potential improvement of team behavior is discussed within the SMM framework.
    Keywords
    Virtual medical first responder teams; Complexity; Shared mental models; Team processes; Coordinating mechanisms.


  • 2022, June

    original research

    Airport Personnel and Coronavirus Disease-2019: A Seroprevalence Study in TaiwanOpen Access

    Chien-Chang Lee*, Chih-Hung Wang, Shih-Tien Hsu, Shih-Hung Liu, Tse-Hua Lo, Yen-Hsing Liu, Alexa Papaila and Shan-Chwen Chang
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/EMOJ-8-165
    Provisional PDF334.44 KB 334.44 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Introduction
    Many countries tried to lifted the travel restriction to revive their stagnant tourism-based economies. However, infection risks among airport personnel are incompletely understood. We therefore conducted this seroepidemiological study targeting airport personnel.
    Methods
    This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 20th, 2020 to February 28th, 2021 at the Taoyuan International Airport in Taiwan. All adults who worked at Taoyuan International Airport and were older than 20-years of age were eligible for participation. Serological tests were collected and study participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire which collected self-reported data including demographic characteristics, occupation, exposure risk assessment, recent symptoms, and self-perceived risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Continuous data were expressed with median and interquartile ranges; categorical data were expressed with counts and proportions.
    Results
    A total of 450 volunteers agreed to participate in the study. Most of the participants worked as ground crew (40.7%). Approximately 43.6% of participants did not feel any symptoms in the 3-months prior to serologic testing. Only 8 participants (1.8%) reported close contact with confirmed coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases. Overall, none of the study participants had serologic confirmation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.
    Conclusion
    The SARS-CoV-2 infection rate among airport personnel was low. This study demonstrates that a well-designed border control strategy may work and so that transmission of SARS-CoV-2 may be controllable.
    Keywords
    COVID-19; Seroprevalence; Travel; Airport; Workers.


NOTE: The DOIs of the In-Press Articles will only function after the final publication of the articles and once they are uploaded to the Current Issues.
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Current Issue

  • 2021, January

    case report

    Prolonged Cardiac Arrest in Severe Bupropion Intoxication: Everything You Should Know About Anti-Arrhytmics, Transesophageal Echocardiography Guided Resuscitation and Extracorporeal Membrane OxygenationOpen Access

    Caitlin Celis, Melvin Willems, Ben Pellens and Stefanie Vandervelden*
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/EMOJ-7-158
    PDF474.60 KB 474.60 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    A 30-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department one and half hours after severe bupropion extended-release intoxication, estimated to be between 18 and 36 g. She initially presented with seizures and later developed signs of cardiotoxicity with persisting sustained ventricular tachycardia. Despite multiple defibrillation attempts and the administration of sodium bicarbonate,
    calcium gluconate and magnesium, restoration of sinus rhythm was found unsuccessful. In another attempt to treat this refractory ventricular tachycardia lidocaine was given followed by deterioration to asystole. During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the quality of chest compression was assessed and optimised using transoesophageal echocardiography. Eventually venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) was needed to achieve hemodynamic stability. In this case report we discuss the successful use of VA-ECMO after bupropion intoxication, which has only been reported in 3 other cases but should be considered as one of the treatment options in severe overdose cases. Also, the rare complication of asystole after lidocaine administration and the value of transoesophageal echocardiography during CPR will be discussed.
    Keywords
    Bupropion; Intoxication; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; TEE guided resuscitation; Antiarrhythmic therapy.


  • 2021, February

    opinion

    Legalities in All Wound Care Negligence of CareOpen Access

    Lydia A. Corum*
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/EMOJ-7-159
    PDF254.44 KB 254.44 KB
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  • 2021, April

    case report

    Ultra-Early Cord Decompression in the Emergency Setting and its Impact on OutcomeOpen Access

    Ali Ahmadvand, Mohammad J. Behzadnia, Amin Jahanbakhshi and Mohammad R. Zarei*
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/EMOJ-7-160
    PDF476.06 KB 476.06 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Background
    Traumatic cervical are injuries are very common due to high motility of cervical spine and its vulnerability to traumatic injuries. Optimal time for stabilizing the patients with traumatic spinal fractures remains controversial. It is almost due to different outcomes in various studies and the lack of consensus about it. Here we explain an ultra–early cord decompression that led to complete recovery of a patient with severe cervical cord injury.
    Case Presentation
    The patient was a 27-year-old gymnast woman with a recent history of spinal cord injury caused by high jumping with head back and neck hyperextension presented within 2-hours of trauma. As a critical case and lack of advanced radiologic equipment, only cervical spinal radiographs were used for decision-making within the first 3 hours of injury to save the patient’s cord function by surgical decompression.
    Conclusion
    Many studies have proposed different intervention times for achieving the optimal result; however, we present an ultra-early surgery (within 3-hours of injury), conducted in a context of limited medical facilities. This case revealed an excellent result after 12-months follow-up.
    Keywords
    Cervical spine; Early decompression; Surgery; Trauma.


  • 2021, August

    retrospective study

    Extra-Pulmonary Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Multi System DiseaseOpen Access

    Vijayasree Biruduraju and Ankita R. Chawla*
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/EMOJ-7-161
    PDF420.47 KB 420.47 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Introduction
    The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2), has been recently declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Apart from acute respiratory manifestations, SARS-CoV-2 may also adversely affect other organ systems. To date, however, there is a very limited understanding
    of the manifestations and management of COVID-19 related conditions outside of the pulmonary system. This study provides an overview of the current literature about the extra pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 that may affect the renal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological, hematopoietic, neurological, or reproductive systems. This study also describes the current understanding of the extra pulmonary manifestations caused by COVID-19 to improve the management and prognosis of patients with COVID-19.
    Materials and Methods
    A total number of 200 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 disease were retrospectively evaluated for extra-pulmonary manifestations findings or complications. These patients had undergone various imaging studies, blood examinations during the course of hospital stay. The data reviewed using the institutional PACS, database system over a period of four months (August to November 2020).
    Results
    Among the 200 patients (males and females), 175 of them had extra-pulmonary complications. Various extra-pulmonary findings such as acute kidney injury, renal failure, cytokinase strome, acute myocardial injury, congestive cardiac failure, pulmonary thromboembolism,
    gastrointestinal, neurological complications were observed.
    Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
    All retrospective clinical studies, case series, and case reports with data on extra-pulmonary manifestations in COVID-19 that were published from the end of December 2019 till the end of February 2021 were included. Studies that did not mention extrapulmonary manifestations were excluded.
    Literature Search
    The review was based on publications available on PubMed and data collected by the World Health Organization (WHO). Search terms used were ‘novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV)’, ‘SARS- CoV-2’, or ‘COVID-19’ combined with ‘asymptomatic’, ‘gastrointestinal’, ‘cardiac’, ‘neurological’, ‘hepatic’, ‘hematological’, ‘renal’, ‘psychiatric’, ‘hematological’, and ‘atypical’.
    Keywords
    COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; 2019-nCoV.


  • 2021, October

    case report

    Vertebral Artery Dissection Mimicking Migraine: A Case ReportOpen Access

    Rahalkar Kshitij*, Hong K. Lau and R Ponampalam
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/EMOJ-7-162
    PDF389.24 KB 389.24 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is caused by an intimal tear that leads to bleeding into the vascular wall, which may cause vascular occlusion by thrombus formation and subsequent distal emboli (leading to ischemic stroke), aneurysm formation and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cervical artery dissections (either carotid or vertebral artery dissection) are an important cause of stroke in patients under 50-years of age. Headache with or without neck pain is a common symptom. Usually, it occurs with focal neurological signs but sometimes it may occur without any neurological deficits and may mimic migraine. Often it occurs spontaneously without trauma but sometimes there is history of minor traumas, sudden neck movements or chiropractic manipulation. Imaging modalities include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and computed tomography angiography (CTA). Treatment involves anticoagulation or antiplatelet agents.
    Keywords
    Vertebral artery dissection; Migraine; Headache; Neck pain.


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Previous Issue

  • 2020, September

    opinion

    Wound Care and HealthcareOpen Access

    Lydia A. Corum*
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/EMOJ-6-154
    PDF251.74 KB 251.74 KB
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  • 2020, October

    case report

    Electrical Injury and Prolonged Cardiac Arrest: A Case Report of Complete Neurological RecoveryOpen Access

    Uma Hariharan* and Vinoth Natarajan
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/EMOJ-6-155
    PDF280.10 KB 280.10 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    Introduction
    Sudden cardiac arrest continues to have a high mortality rate. Out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has a poor outcome compared to those occurring in a healthcare setup due to lack of awareness and appropriate resources. The most common rhythm abnormality in OHCA is ventricular fibrillation which requires early defibrillation, ideally on the location.
    Case Report
    A 19-years male was witnessed by lay bystanders to have become unresponsive following contact with an electric lighting pole on the road median in Chandigarh. A passer-by medical resident detected no pulse and initiated chest compression. Since there was no immediate return of spontaneous circulation and aetiology suggested a defibrillate rhythm. The patient was taken in the car and rushed to a tertiary care centre, 10-minutes away. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was interrupted during transport for lack of adequate personnel. Ventricular fibrillation was noted and shock was delivered along with inotropes. Around 26-minutes into the resuscitation, the patient had the return of spontaneous circulation. After post-cardiac arrest care in intensive care unit (ICU), he was extubated and discharged home in 1-week with full neurological recovery.
    Discussion
    Recovery of full neurologic function could be explained by the alternating presence of stable and unstable cardiac rhythms and in part at least brought about by immediate attempts at resuscitation. The report seeks to review these aspects of emergency care besides highlighting the need for both immediate and accurate emergency medical services such as lay responder training, public access defibrillation and responsive transport systems for such patients.
    Keywords
    Sudden cardiac arrest; Out of hospital cardiac arrest; Ventricular fibrillation; Early defibrillation; Electrical injury.


  • 2020, December

    mini review

    Nebulized Tranexamic Acid for HemoptysisOpen Access

    Veerle Leenaerts*
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/EMOJ-6-156
    PDF269.91 KB 269.91 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    The synthetic antifibrinolytic drug, tranexamic acid, is widely used intravenously, orally and topically to treat various bleeding complications. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence of its use as inhalation drug for hemoptysis. In this review, the available literature about aerosolized tranexamic acid is listed.


  • 2020, December

    case report

    Macroscopic White Blood Cell Casts: An Extremely Rare Presentation of Klebsiella PyelonephritisOpen Access

    Larry B. Mellick* and Kimberly Rathbun
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/EMOJ-6-157
    PDF307.44 KB 307.44 KB
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    Abstract [+]

    In this case report, we present a patient with severe pyelonephritis who presented complaining of passing worm-like tissue from his penis. This patient was passing macroscopic ureteral white blood cell casts resulting from a severe pyelonephritis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae.
    Keywords
    Acute pyelonephritis; White blood cell casts; Urinary tract infections; Urinary tract infection (UTI); Ureteral casts.


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    Editor-in-Chief

    Chien-Chang Lee, MD, ScD


    Director
    Department of Emergency Medicine
    National Taiwan University Hospital
    Yunlin Branch, No 579, Sec 2, Yunlin Road
    Douliou 640, Taiwan

    Associate Editors

    COL (RET) John McManus, MD, MBA, MCR, FACEP, FAAEM


    EMS Fellowship Director
    Professor
    Department of Emergency Medicine
    Georgia Regents University
    Augusta, Georgia Area
    USA

    Imoigele P. Aisiku, MD, MSCR, MBA, FACCP


    Assistant Professor
    Department of Emergency Medicine
    Harvard University Brigham &
    Women’s Hospital
    75 Francis Street
    Boston, MA 02115, USA

    Robert Jude Strony, DO, RDMS, RVT


    Staff Physician
    Emergency Department
    Geisinger Medical Center
    100 North Academy Avenue
    Danville, PA 17822, USA

    Gunter H. Ruetter, MD, PhD, COL GE AFR


    Medical Executive, Senior Physician & Surgeon
    Vila do Porto, Santa Maria Island, Portugal

    Our editorial team


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